vocab
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| collagen | a glycoprotein that provide the extracellular framework for all multicellular organisms
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| complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) | pain believed to involve sympathetic nervous system overactivation: previously called reflex sympathetic dystrophy and sympathetically maintained pain
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| compression | the application of a mechanical force that increases external pressure on a body part to reduce swelling, improve circulation, or modify scar tissue formation
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| contraindications | conditions in which a particular treatment should not be applied; also called absolute contraindications
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| contrast bath | alternating immersion in hot and cold water
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| cryotherapy | the therapeutic use of cold
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| diathermy | the application of shortwave or microwave electromagnetic energy to produce heat within tissues, particularly deep tissues
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| electrical stimulation (ES) | the use of electrical current to induce muscle contraction (motor level) or changes in sensation (sensory level)
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| electromagnetic agents | physical agents that apply energy to the patient in the form of electromagnetic radiation or electrical current
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| fludiotherapy | a dry heating agent that transfers heat by convection. it consists of a cabinet containing finely ground particles of cellulose through which heated air is circulated
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| Guide to Physical Therapist Practice (the Guide) | a book used by physical therapists to categorize patients according to preferred practice patterns that include typical findings and descriptive norms of types and ranges of interventions for patients in each pattern
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| hydrotherapy | they therapeutic use of water
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| hypotonicity | low tone or decreased resistance to stretch compared with normal muscles
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| indications | conditions under which a particular treatment should be applied
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| inflammation | the body's first response to tissue damage, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, pain and often loss of function
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| inflammatory phase | the first phase of healing after tissue damage
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| Infrared (IR) radiation | electromagnetic radiation in the IR range (wavelength range, approximately 750 to 1300 nm) that can be absorbed by matter and if of sufficient intensity, can cause an increase in temperature
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| iontophoresis | the transcutaneous deliver of ions into the body for therapeutic purposes using an electrical current
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| laser | the acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is LASER; laser light is monochromatic, coherent, and directional
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| maturation phase | the final phase of healing after tissue damage. During the phase, scar tissue is modified into its mature form.
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| mechanical agents | physical agents that apply force to increase or decrease pressure on the body
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| modality/physical modality | other terms for physical agent
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| muscle tone | the underlying tension in a muscle that serves as a background for contraction
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| pain | an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or threatened tissue damage
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| paraffin | a waxy substance that can be warmed and used to coat the extremities for thermotherapy
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| pathology | alteration of anatomy or physiology as a result of disease or injury
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| phonophoresis | the application of ultrasound with a topical drug to facilitate transdermal drug delivery
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| physical agents | energy and materials applied to patients to assist in rehabilitation
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| precautions | conditions in which a particular treatment should be applied with special care or limitations; also called relative contraindications
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| proliferation phase | the second phase of healing after tissue damage, in which damaged structures are rebuilt and the would is strengthened
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| pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) | the therapeutic use of intermittent shortwave radiation in which heat is not the mechanism of action
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| pulsed ultrasound | intermittent delivery of ultrasound during the treatment period
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| rehabilitation | goal-oriented intervention designed to maximize independence in individuals who have compromised function
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| thermal agents | physical agents that cause an increase or decrease in tissue temperature
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| thermotherapy | the therapeutic application of heat
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| traction | the application of a mechanical force to the body in a way that separates, or attempts to separate, the joint surfaces and elongates surrounding soft tissues
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| ultrasound | sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 cycles per second that is used as a physical agent to produce thermal and nonthermal effects
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| ultraviolet (UV) radiation | electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet range (wavelength < 290 to 400 nm) that lies between x-ray and visible light and has nonthermal effects when absorbed through the skin
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