Chapter 2 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Atom | The basic unit of matter
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| Nucleus | The center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
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| Electron | Negatively charged particle, located in the space surrounding the nucleus.
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| Element | Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
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| Isotope | one of several forms of a single elements, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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| Compound | Substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
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| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
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| Ion | Atom that has a positive or negative charge.
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| Covalent Bond | A formation made by the moving electrons traveling around the nuclei of two atoms.
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| Molecule | Smallest unit in most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound.
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| van der Waals Forces | Slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
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| Hydrogen Bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
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| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
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| Adhesion | Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules.
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| Mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.
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| Solution | type of mixture in which all components are evenly distributed
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| Solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution
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| Solvent | dissolving substance in a solution.
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| Suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material.
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| pH Scale | Scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic and a pH level of 7 to 14 is basic.
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| Acid | Compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7.
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| Base | Compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7.
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| Buffer | Compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH.
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| Monomer | Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.
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| Polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules.
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| Carbohydrate | Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.
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| Monosaccharide | simple sugar molecule.
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| Lipid | Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.
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| Nucleic Acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
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| Nucleotide | Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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| Protein | macromolecules that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.
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| Amino Acid | Compound with an amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other end.
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| Chemical Reactant | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.
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| Reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction.
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| Product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
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| Activation Energy | Energy that is needed to get a reaction started.
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| Catalyst | Substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.
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| Enzyme | Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions.
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| Substrate | reactant of an enzyme- catalyzed reaction.
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To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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