CT Physics- unit 1
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| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | directs info to and from the various components of the computer
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| Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) | performs calculations in computer
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| Input devices | devices used to enter info into the computer for processing; ex: keyboards, mouse, camera, etc
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| Output devices | devices that displays info generated in a computer; ex: printers, CRT screen, video monitors
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| Hospital Information Systems (HIS) | comprehensive info system dealing with all aspects of info processing in a hopital; focuses on admin issues, pt demographics, financial data, etc
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| Radiology Information Systems (RIS) | computer system used to manipulate and distribute pt radiologic data; stored radiology reports, scheduling of pts, etc
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| PACS | computer or networks dedicated to the storage, retrieval, distribution, and presentation of images
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| EHR | digital pt health records
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| Beam attenuation | measures what comes out of pt.
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| Digital image | image converted into numerical values for transmission or processing
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| Matrix | arrangement of columns and rows
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| Pixel | picture element (2D)
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| Voxel | volume element (3D)
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| Smaller the pixels... | the better spatial resolution
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| Pixel size= | FOV(mm)/matrix; be sure to convert to cm if in the question
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| Increase matrix... | better spatial resolution
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| Increase FOV... | improve image quality
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| Decreased FOV= | increased matrix size
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| Spatial resolution | ability to represent small objects and differentiate between closely spaced objects
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| NM | 64x64
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| US | 512x512
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| Digital fluoro | 1000x1000
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| Digital radiography | 2000x2000
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| CT | 512x512
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| MRI | 256x256
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| Mammography | 4000x4000
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| Algorithm | set of rules for getting a specific output from a specific input
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| Convolution | process of filtering data
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| Contrast revolution | ability to differentiate small differences in density on the image
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| Noise | random background info that is detected, but does not contribute to the image quality
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| Thermal regulation | your bodies way to regulate body temp; hypothalamus controls it
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| "Tomos" means | cross section
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| Why CT is better than Diagnostic | removes superimposition of tissues, improved contrast resolution, view body in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes, and contrast scale of tissues can be changed
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| Limitations of CT compared with Diagnostic | high pt dose, poor spatial resolution (good contrast res), artifacts
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| Cormack | studied nuclear physics
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| Hounsfield | theorized if an x-ray beam passed through an object, measurements could be taken and with computer reconstructions and image produced; EMI scanner 1971 (used gamma rays and only scanned brains, took 20 mins)
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| Dr. Ledley | jack of all trades, developed whole body scanner in 1974;
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| 1st gen scanner | pencil beam, parallel beam, 1-2 detectors, 180 degree arc around pt (1 deg at a time), water made image more uniform
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| 2nd gen scanner | fan beam geometry, linear array of detectors, only 6 rotations of tube instead of 180, 180 degree arc around pt (30 deg at a time); 1st whole body scanner
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| 3rd gen scanner | wide fan beam, curved array of detectors (biggest change), continuous scanning motion, 360 deg rotation slice by slice, reduced scan time, con: "ring artifacts" caused by bad detector
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| 4th gen scanner | wide fan beam, stationary ring of detectors, rotating tube, 360 deg rotations, interspaces (spaces between detectors cause lost info, half scans, full scan (most accurate of 3), or over scans (scan 360 and then another 180 deg), and more pt dose
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| 5th gen scanner | AKA cardiac unit, electron beam tomography (EBT), or cardiac cine CT (only scanned heart), images like movies, faster scan (less than 100 ms), no moving parts
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| 6th gen scanner |
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| 7th gen scanner |
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
meechthebeech91
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