AB Final
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| most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the | small intestine
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| small bowel obstruction is associated with | dilation of the bowel loops proximal to the site of obstruction
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| acute appendicitis may be seen on ultrasound as | target lesion
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| the _is found in the midline anterior to the pancreatic body and is sometimes confused with the pancreatic duct | pyloric antrum
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| the "keyboard" sign may be seen in the | duodenum and jejunum
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| the appendix is located beneath the surface landmark on the abdominal wall known as | mcburney's point
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| what is an embryologic msitake | duplication cyst
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| the max outer diameter of the normal appendix can measure up to | 6mm
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| a diverticulum is most common in the | colon
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| most common tumor of the GI tract in children under 10 | lymphoma
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| the colon is divided into segments called | haustra
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| the celiac axis, SMA, and _ supply both the small and large intestines | inferior mesenteric artery
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| what division of the duodenum courses to the level of the gallbladder neck | the 1st part
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| entrance of the esophagus into the stomach is through the | cardiac orfice
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| progression of acute appendicitis to frank perforation is more rapid in | preschool children
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| GI leiomyosarcoma most commonly occur in the | ileum
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| pseudokidney sign may be seen in | gastric carcinoma
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| the retropertioneal space is the area between the | posterior portion of the parietal pertioneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles
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| examples of retroperitoneal structures | kidney, psoas muscle, aorta
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| which retroperitoneal space contains the kidneys, proximal ureter, and adrenal glands | perirenal space
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| the medial portion of the right adrenal gland lies posterior to the | IVC
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| adrenal glands are separated from the kidneys by the | perinephric fat
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| the greatest length of the normal adult adrenal gland is equal to or less than | 6 cm
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| which can be confused with the normal adrenal gland | crus of the diaphragm
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| the left adrenal glands lie lateral to the | crus of the diaphragm
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| adrenal hemorrhages are more common in | neonates
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| where does the left adrenal vein drain | left renal vein
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| where does the right adrenal vein drain | IVC
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| the adrenal glands are _ in relation to the kidneys | anterior, medial, and superior
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| which is more echogenic, cortex or medulla | medulla
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| cortisol and other sterioid hormones are secreated by the | adrenal cortex
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| 90% of the adrenal glad consists of | adrenal cortex
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| a left adrenal mass or enlargement may displace the splenic vein | anteriorly
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| most common adrenal tumor in infancy is | neuroblastoma
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| which syndrome is characterized by atrophy of the cortex with a decrease in adrenal function | addison
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| excessive secretion of cortisol results in which syndrome | cushing
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| excessive secretion of aldosterone occurs in which syndrome | conn
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| which is the most common adrenal tumor in adults | adenoma
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| METS to the adrenal gland is most commonly arise from primary carcinoma of the | lung, breast, and melanoma
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| which adrenal pathology is associated with excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine | pheochomocytoma
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| which adrenal hormone regulates the balance of water and electrolytes | aldosterone
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| which membrane lines the abdominal cavity and is reflected over the contained organs | peritoneum
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| the _ is able to adhere to diseased organs and encapsulated infection preventing further spread of infected fluid to other areas of the abdomen | greater omentum
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| the fasica separating the anterior abdominal muscle groups from the peritoneum | transversalis fascia
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| which group of organs and/or structures is located in the retroperitoneal compartment | pancreas, kidneys and adrenal glands
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| which would most likely cause the floating aorta sign | enlarged paraaortic lymph nodes
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| term used to describe enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes | mantle effect
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| term used to describe enlarged lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the mesenteric vessels | sandwich sign
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| paraortic lymphadenopathy generally displaces kidneys | laterally
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| which muscle lie posterior and posterior medial to the kidneys | quadratus lumborum and psoas
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| area between the bladder and rectum is called the | rectovesical space
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| fluid collections in the right posterior subphrenic space cannot extend between the bare area of the liver and the | diaphragm
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| anterior displacement of the kidney and ureter suggests a mass in the | retroperitoneum
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| which ligament is the left lateral extension of the greater omentum connecting the greater gastric curvature to the splenic hilum and forming a portion of the left lateral border of the lesser sac | gastrosplenic ligament
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| ligament located between the spleen and left kidney, forms the posterior portion of the left lateral border of the lesser sac and separates the lesser sac from the renosplenic recess | splenorenal ligament
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| which lobe of the liver border the lesser sac | caudate lobe
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| what hangs over the intestines like an apron | great omentum
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| what is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach | lesser omentum
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| fluid collects in the most _ areas of the abdomen and pelvi | dependent
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| most common primary retroperitoneal tumor | lymphoma
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| most common primary cancers responsible for peritoneal METS are | ovaries, stomach, colon
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| what structure surrounds the rectus abdominis muscle | rectus sheath
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| an extrahepatic loculated fluid collection that may develop from a spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree is called | biloma
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| term for walled-off collection of extravasated urine | urinoma
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| most common abdominal pathologic process that require immediate surgery | acute appendicitis
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| discrete linear echogenicity defining the deepest layer of the anterior abdominal wall | peritoneal line
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| which hernia location only contains fat | epigastric
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| which structure connects the intraperitoneal orgnas to the posterior abd wall | mesentery
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| a urachal cyst is located _ usually at or inferior to the level of the umbilicus | anterior to peritoneal line
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| narrow band of fascia in the mid sag plane of anterior abd wall | linea alba
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