AQA Unit 1 Basic Organic
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is a HydroCarbon? | A compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen ONLY
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| What is a saturated hydrocarbon? | A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
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| What is an unsaturated Hydrocarbon? | A compound that contains C=C double bonds (tip: C=O double bonds do not count as unsaturated!)
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| What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon? | A compound with carbon atoms are joined as straight or branched chains
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| What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon? | A compound with carbon atoms are joined in a ring structure
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| What is the bond angle around a Carbon in a saturated Hydrocarbon? | 109
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| What is the shape around a Carbon atom in a saturated compound? | Tetrahedral
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| What is the shape around a Carbon atom in an unsaturated compound? | Trigonal planal (ie flat!)
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| What is the bond angle around a Carbon in an unsaturated Hydrocarbon? | 120
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| What is a functional group? | Part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reaction (tip: there are no functional groups in a saturated hydrocarbon)
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| What is a homologous series? | a family of organic compounds containing the same functional group but that differs by CH2 between each successive member
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| What is the general formula of AlkAnes? | C2H2n+2
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| What is the general formula of AlkEnes? | C2H2n
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| How would you name an AlkAne? | (1)Identify the longest chain/stem (and draw a box) [tip this make take a long time: get it right!](2)circle each branch/alkyl(3)number each branch/alkyl so that numbers are as small as(4)alkyl are then written before stem alphabetically, numbers in front
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| How would you name an AlkEne? | (1)Identify the longest chain/stem CONTAINING C=C (and draw a box)(2) number so that the first C on the C=C bond is as small as(3)circle alkyl/branches(4)alkyl are then written alphabetically, numbers in front
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| How would you name an Alcohol? | (1)Identify the longest chain/stem CONTAINING O-H (and draw a box)(2) number so that the C attached to the O-H bond is as small as(3)circle alkyl/branches(4)alkyl are then written alphabetically, numbers in front
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| How would you name a HalogenoAlkane? | (1)Identify the longest chain/stem (and draw a box)(2)circle alkyl/branches(3) number so that the C attached to the Halogen bond are as small as (4)halogen and alkyl are then written as prefix, ALPHABETICALLY, numbers in front
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| What is the homologous series of a compound containing a COOH group? | Carboxylic Acid
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| What is the homologous series of a compound containing a C=O group? | Aldehyde if the C=O is at the end of a chain (-CHO) or Ketone in the middle
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| What is the functional group here: CH3-CH2-CHO? | Aldehyde (Propanal)
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| What is the functional group here: CH3-CH2-COOH? | Carboxylic Acid (Propanoic Acid)
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| What is the functional group here: CH3-CO-CH2? | Ketone (Propanone)
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| What does the general formula show? | The number of atoms for each element in a homologous series (ie: CnH2n for alkenes or CycloAlkanes)
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| What does the empirical formula show? | The SMALLEST ratio/number of atoms for each element (ie CH2; this compound does not exist, but it is the SMALLEST ratio for C2H4 or C6H12 for example)
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| What does the molecular formula show? | The ACTUAL number of atoms for each element (ie: C3H6O; that could be for propanal CH3-CH2-CH=O or propanol CH3-CO-CH3); NEVER SHOW the functional group: ie CH3-OH, but CH4O
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| What does the displayed formula show? | The number of atoms for each element and the BONDS between atoms (tip: ALWAYS SHOW O-H!)
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| What does the structural formula show? | The minimal detail to draw the molecules: Alkyls are shown as CH3/Ch2/CH and functional groups as OH/CHO/CO/COOH
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| What does the skeletal formula show? | The bonds, other than C-H
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| How do you work out the empirical formula from mass of each element? | (1)for each element, divide mass by its RAM(2)divide each number by the smallest(3)check if “special” ratio: ie 1:2.49 or 1:0.74(4)write the SYMBOLS followed by the numbers (ie write not “1:2”; but “CH2”)
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| How do you work out the molecular formula from mass (or percentage) of each element and RMM? | (1)Start as per empirical formula;(2) work out the mass of the empirical formula;(3)compare to the RMM given in text to work out the number of times the empirical formula is contained in the RMM
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| How do you draw the skeletal formula from (any other) formula? | Always start from the displayed formula; rub off C-H bonds (tip: leave O-H bonds!!!); place a dot for each carbon; zig-zag if necessary
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| What is the general formula of Alcohols? | Cn H2n+1 OH or Cn H2n+2 O
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| How do you draw an Alkene, given the name (for example 2-Methyl 3-Chloro Pent-2ene)? | Draw the longest chain (here 5C); on the number-shown-before-ENE (here 2nd C) start the double bond (ie double bond is between 2nd and 3rd Carbon;then draw all the other branches on the appropriate Carbon; complete each Carbon so that a C has 4 bonds
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