Flashcards for wheeler magnet unit two chemistry
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| How are ions formed? | An ion is formed by the gain or loss of electrons from outside of the nucleus.
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| What is the loss of a positively charged electron? | a cation
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| What is the gain of a negatively charged electron? | an anion
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| If you have an ion with 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 19 electrons, what would be the chemical symbol (including mass #)? | 48
22 Ti +3
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| What is the primary reason for nuclear chemistry? | The main reason is the ratio of neutrons to the protons are off balance.
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| When is an atom most stable? | An atom is most stable when the ratio is 1:1.
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| What is the maximum ratio of stability for an atom? | It is between 1.5-1
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| What are the four types of radiation? | They are alpha particles, beta particles, gamma ray, and a positron.
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| What is the most dangerous radiation if consumed (inhaled)? | the most dangerous is the alpha particle.
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| How fast does an alpha particle travel? | It travels about 1/10 the speed of light
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| How fast does a beta particle travel? | It travels 1/4 the speed of light
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| what kind of radiation is the gamma ray? | The gamma ray is high energy electromagnetic radiation.
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| What always accompanies alpha and beta particles? | a gamma ray
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| What kind of radiations travels at the speed of light? | a gamma ray
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| What kind of radiation has the highest penetrating ability? | the gamma ray
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| what can stop the gamma ray? | a heavy lead shield
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| What is fusion? | Fusion is the combining of two nuclei to form one nucleus of larger mass.
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| What kind of reaction does fusion require? | It requires thermonuclear reaction, which needs a temperature of 40,000,000 K to sustain fusion.
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| What is 1 gram of fusion fuel equal to? | 20 tons of coal.
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| What occurs naturally in stars? | fusion
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| What is fission? | Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei.
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| What is 1 grams of 235U equal to? | 3 tons of coal
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| What is half-life? | Half life is the time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. The shorter the half-life, the less stable the nuclide is.
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| Who is generally credited with putting for the first ideas about atomic structure? | Democritus
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| What did Democritus state in his "theory" about atomic structure? | He stated that all of matter consisted of invisible particles called "atoms" (Model is simple particle)
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| Who proposed the first serious theories on the structure of matter? | Dalton
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| What are Dalton's theories that still hold true today known as? | Dalton's Atomic Theory
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| what does the law of Constant proportions say? | It states that the relative numbers and kinds of atoms remain constant for any given compound.
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| What does the law of Multiple Proportions state? | It states that if two atoms are capable of combining to form more than one type of product, they do so in a ratio of small whole numbers.
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| What statement did Dalton make that was untrue? | He said "The atom is indestructible."
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| What are made up of subatomic particles? | Protons, neutrons and electrons
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| What was the first subatomic particle to be discovered through the experiments performed with cathode ray tubes? | electrons
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| What is the mass number? | the mass number is the number of protons added to the number of electrons.
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| what is the atomic number? | the atomic number is the number of protons or electrons
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| How are isotopes different from other atoms. | They differ only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
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| Who discovered the electron? | J.J. Thomas discovered the electron.
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| What is the Plum Pudding Model? | It is a positively charged shape that has randomly scattered electrons within it.
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| What did Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment prove? | His experiment proved the existance of the positively-charged nucleus.
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| Who discovered the neutron? | James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932.
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| What was implemented to avoid expression of long and difficult numbers used in atomic masses? | It is the atomic mass unit.
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| Why do we use average atomic mass? | We use it because most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes and we must express a large sample of the elements in an easier form to understand.
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| How is Rutherford's model of the atom different from the "Plum Pudding" model? | Rutherford added a nucleus.
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| What are the five types of radio-active decay? | 1. Alpha Emission
2. Beta Emission
3. Positron Emission
4. Electron Capture
5. Gamma Decay
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