Chapter 1-4
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| What does "mental process" mean? | Covert/Internal activity of our minds
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| If we are interested in why twins have different personalities, what is our goal? | Explanation
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| If we want to test for potential employees, what is our goal? | Prediction
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| Which theorist based his perspective on psychology on the work of Darwin? | William James
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| "The Whole is greater than the sum of its parts" goes with whose perspective? | Gestalt
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| What was the focus of Watson's behaviorism? | Focus on observable behavior & ignore consciousness
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| What does humanism focus on? | Human potential, free will, & self-actualization
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| What theorist is most associated with introspection? | William Wundt
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| Sigmund Freud found what type of psychology? | Psychoanalysis
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| What does cognitive psychology focus on? | memory, intelligence, perception, learning
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| What does evolutionary perspective of psychology focus on? | Biological bases for universal mental characteristics (why we lie, mate selection, fear, enjoyment of things)
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| Which psychological professional has the broadest area of interests? | Psychologist
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| If someone suffers a stroke and has If someone suffers from a stroke and gets brain damage as a result, which psychological professional would be best suited for this patient? | Psychiatrist
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| What does counseling provide, and what level of severity does it usually limit its practice to? | Diagnosis- might need more professional help. a Psychiatrist
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| A tentative explanation/educated guess | Hypothesis
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| Advantage of lab observation | controlled environment & specialized equipment
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| What is participant observation? | being part of an event
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| Main advantage of Case study? | large amount of detail
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| In psychological research, what is the population? | everyone that you're interested in
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| What is correlation? | relationship between two variables
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| What is a reinforcement? | anything that keeps the action to occur again
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| what is informed consent? | Permission
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| Does authority make all claims true? | No
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| Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of…? | Mental processes
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| What is naturalistic observation? | watching animals/humans behave in their natural habitat
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| What is a placebo? | fake treatment
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| What is psychology? | Applied science; the science of behavior and mental processes, has different goals to explain why people do what they do
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| What part of the neuron sends information to other cells? | Axon
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| Neuron make up ____% of the brain. | 10
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| What is the neurilemma? or "Schann's membrane" | protects the axons & damage can be repaired due to this
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| What is the sympathetic nervous system also called? | flight or flight system
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| Where are the sodium ions located when a neuron is in the resting potential state? | outside
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| How does one neuron communicate with another neuron? | Chemicals flows across gaps
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| What is an endorphin? | Inhibitory neural regulators; involved in pain relief
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| What is the somatic nervous system? | Voluntary; the one that makes you move your body
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| What are motor neurons? | Carry messages from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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| What happens when your sympathetic nervous system is activated? | Flight-or-flight- response; digestive system slows down
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| Growth disorder can result due to problems in ______ | pituitary gland
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| What does the parasympathetic nervous system control? | everyday functions
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| Thick band of tissue that connects the left and right hemisphere | Corpus Callosum
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| Where is melatonin secreted? | Pennial Gland
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| When are MRI scans not recommended? | If you got metal in your body
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| What is an EEG scan? | Shows brain activity, looks at electrical activity of the brain
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| The cerebellum helps you to control …? | Coordination, routines, balance
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| The hypothalamus links two things together, what are they? | Brain and glandular system
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| If a stroke victim has paralysis on the left side, where is the brain damage most likely located? | right side
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| What is Broca’s aphasia? | can't form words
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| What is severed during a “split-brain” operation? | Corpus collosum
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| Which hemisphere is used in the retrieval of a name? | left
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| Which hemisphere is used in the memory of a face? | right
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| Humanistic psychologists believe that humans are… | Good, that we all have some positive goals
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| What is the function of the pupil? | lets light come in
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| Getting used to something is called __ | Habituation
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| What is the term that refers to the psychological effect of the length of light waves? | Color
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| Contracts and Expands the pupil | Iris
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| Which type of cells form the optic nerve? | Ganglion Cells
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| Which type of retinal cell plays a role in color vision? | Combs
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| What are the three primary colors? | red, blue, green
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| What is probably the most important sense for humans? | sight
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| What is the physical stimuli for our sense of hearing? | sound
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| Severe ear infections can damage the bones of the middle ear, this sometimes causes ____________ hearing impairment. | conduction
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| What other sense is closely related to the sense of taste? | smell
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| Bumps in tongue that you can see are called ___ | papillae
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| Where are the olfactory receptor cells located? | Nasal channel- across mouth and nose
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| When we experience flavor, this is a combination of which two senses? | smell & taste
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| What is closure? | able to see wholeness even though its missing parts
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| What is constancy? | distance affects how you look
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| What is size constancy? | Tendency to interpret an object as always being the same actual size, regardless of its distance
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| What is contiguity? | Two things that happen closely together; perceived as related
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| What is linear perspective? | Two lines that run parallel but looks like they are turning in
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| The Muller-Lyer illusion is most often found in cultures where what exists? | Western cultures, big cities, buildings with lots of corners
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| What is bottom-up processing? | Starting from the bottom
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| What is the illusion when looking out of a car traveling 60mph in regards to close and far away objects? | Things that are far in distance are not moving or moving slowly, but things closer at going fast
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| What are we doing while we are in “waking consciousness?” | talking
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| What are some examples of altered states of consciousness? | Multi-tasking, sleep, daydreaming,
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| What are some examples of a circadian rhythm? | Sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, heart beat
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| What part of the brain is involved with sleep as the daylight fades, and what does the pineal gland release in response to it? | Hypothalamus, millitonen
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| What are some factors involved in the ability to go to sleep? | Environment, body temperature, melatonin levels, ceratonin level, stress
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| What are some symptoms of sleep deprivation? | Irritability
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| What does adaptive theory explain? | Evolutionary perspective
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| What does restorative theory explain? | Explains “why”
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| Can sleepwalking be partly due to heredity? | yes
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| Night terrors are most common with what age group? | children
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| Falling asleep with no warning | narcolepsy
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| What is sleep apnea? | Stop breathing for a certain period of time while sleeping
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| What is the most frequently used drug in Western societies? | Alcohol
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| Amphetamines are classified as ….? | stimulants
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| What is psychological dependence? | Thinking that you need it, feeling like it
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| Is an amphetamine a naturally occurring substance? | No
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| Cocaine is classified as a …? | stimulant
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| What is hypnosis? | Altered stage, trans-like stage, open to suggestion
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| What are the characteristics of heroine? | Highly addicted, thought to be better than morphine,
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| What are psychoactive drugs? | Alter your thinking/perception, changes your mood/way you think
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| What can high doses of marijuana lead to? | Hallucinations & delusions
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| What kind of sleeo? Relatively active type of sleep when most of a person’s dreaming takes place | Rapid Eye Movement
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| Non-REM stage 1 | while awake,primary beta activity, more alpha as one relaxes, onset of sleep in stage 1 is associated with alpha being replaced by theta
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| Non-REM stage 2 | EEG sleep spindles appear; theta activity is predominant; body temperature continues to drop, heart and breathing low
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| Non-REM stage 3 | delta activity makes up 20-50% of EEG activity
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| Non-REM stage 4 | body is at lowest level of functioning and people are hard to awaken; sleep disorders such as sleepwalking and night terrors
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