Advanced Modalities
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| What are the two systems of the circulatory system? | blood-vascular & lymphatic system
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| - major part that transport blood | blood-vascular system
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| - minor system that collects fluid, or lymph, from the tissue spaces | lymphatic
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| What are the functions of the circulatory system? | carry oxygen and nutritive material to the tissues; collect and transport carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes to the organs of excretion
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| - central organ of blood vascular system | heart
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| What are the four chambers of the heart? | two atria and two ventricle
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| What divides the atria from ventricles? | septum
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| - muscular wall of the heart | myocardium
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| - inner lining of the heart | endocardium
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| - thin membrane that covers the heart | epicardium
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| - double-walled outermost covering of the heart | pericardial sac
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| What does the right side of the heart handle? | venous or deoxygenated blood
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| What does the left side of the heart handle? | arterial or oxygenated blood
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| - supply blood to the myocardium of heart | coronary arteries
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| - the general term referring to radiologic examination of vascular structures after the introduction of a contrast medium | angiogrpahy
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| - refers to the radiologic examination of arteries via contrast injection | arteriography
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| - refers to the radiologic examination of veins via contrast injection | venography
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| What type of contrast media is most common? | water-soluble iodinated medium
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| What are two reason nonionic contrast mediums are used? | fewer physiologic side effects, less nephrotoxic
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| - still used in cardiac catheteriazation procedures to prvide images in a movie IR format | cinefluorography
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| - most widely used method of catheterization | seldinger technique
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| What is the most common site for injection? | femoral artery
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| There are fewer possibilities of thrombosis formation with ____________ versus a catheterization technique. | direct puncture
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| - captures 3D images by simultaneous exposures from two planes | bi-plane
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| What are the four major arteries that supply the brain? | R and L common carotids and R & L vertebral arteries
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| Injection site for the upper limb venography is usually in? | into a superficial vein in the hand or wrist and images are obtained up to the area of the superior vena cava
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| Why are upper and lower limb venography preformed? | used to visualize thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, or vessel damage secondary to trauma
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| For a lower limb venogram, how is the pt positioned? | semi-erect position ( 45 deg if possible)
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| For a lower limb venogram, where is the contrast injected? | superficial vein in the foot
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| For a lower limb venogram,where do you begin imaging? | at the ankles and proceed superiorly to include the inferior vena cava
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| What artery does the right common carotid artery branch off of? | brachlocephalic artery
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| What artery does the right subclavian artery branch off of? | brachlocephalic artery
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| Right coronary artery branches off of what? | aorta
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| Left coronary artery branches off of what? | aorta
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| Lt common carotid artery and lt subclavian artery both branch off of? | aorta
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