World Geography Chapter 4
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| Culture | the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group.
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| Society | identity and culture a group that shares a geographic region, a common language, and a sense of
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| Ethnic group | a group of people who share language, customs, and a common heritage
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| Diffusion | the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior to different societies
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| Acculturation | the cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt in innovation.
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| Dialect | a version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns due to class, region, or cultural changes.
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| Religion | the belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe, as well as they system of beliefs itself
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| Mortality rate | the number of deaths per thousand
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| Infant mortality rate | the number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live births.
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| Birthrate | the number of live births per total population, often expressed per thousand population
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| Rate of natural increase | also called population growth rate-the rate at which population is growing, found by subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate
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| Push factor | a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region
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| Pull factor | a factor that draw or attracts people to another location
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| Population density | the average number of people who live in a measurable area, reached by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they occupy
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| Carrying capacity | the number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects.
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| State | a political term describing an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs
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| Nation | a group of people who a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
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| Population pyramid | a graphic device that shows gender and age distribution of a population
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| Nation-state | the name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
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| Monarchy | a type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies
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| Communism | a system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production
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| Democracy | a type of government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives
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| Dictatorship | a type of government in which and individual or a group holds complete political power.
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| Communism | a system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production
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| Landlocked | having no outlet to the sea
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| Urban geography | the study of how people use space in cities
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| City | an area that is the center of business and culture and has a large population
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| Central business district (CBD) | the core of a city, which is almost always based on commercial activity.
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| Economy | the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
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| Economic system | the way people produce and exchange goods
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| Command economy | a type of economic system in which production of goods, and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production, also called a planned economy.
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| Market economy | a type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand form consumers also called a demand economy or capitalism
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| Natural resource | a material on or in the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, that has economic value
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| Infrastructure | the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems.
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| Per capita income | the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a period of time
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| Gross National Product (GNP) | the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a period of time
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