imaging 2a qa & Qc
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| what is quality management | establishment of standards or guiding principles
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| what is the purpose of quality management | helps manage, minimize and mitigate risks
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| risk management is | an integral part in keeping patients safe
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| why is quality important | 1. importance to patients
2. importance to staff
3. importance to organization
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| factors of importance to patients | 1. more affordable
2. improved quality of healthcare
3. increased confidence
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| example of increased confidence | 1. state of the art medical devices
2. professional staff
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| factors of importance to staff | 1. staff can be demotivated if quality of service rendered is not optional
2. good QA/QC system
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| good QA/QC system helps in : | 1. improving work processes
2. increased job satisfaction
3. less frustration
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| factors of importance to organization | 1. reduced costs
2. improve QA/QC is self financing
3. improve financial growth and viability of the healthcare
4. Cheltenham general hospital reported in 1991 that the estimated cost of not doing things right was $4 million per year
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| what does CQI stands for | Continuous Quality Improvement
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| definition of continuous quality improvement (CQI) | 1. total quality management
2. total quality control
3. total quality leadership
4. total quality improvement & statistical quality control
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| why is the satisfaction of the customer, both internal & external, responsible for CQI | it focuses on the needs & expectations of customers & continuous improvement of the service
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| what is quality assurance | a set of specific tests designed to verify that the development and/or maintenance process is adequate to meet its objectives
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| what is quality control | a set of activities done for maintenance of proper standards in the manufactured products of a system
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| tools to identify problems and analysis | 1. brainstorming
2. focus groups
3. quality improvement team
4. information analysis
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| characteristics of brainstorming | group process used to develop a large collection of ideas without regards to their validity
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| characteristics of focus groups | 1. smaller groups that focuses on a particular problem & derive a solution
2. must have a skilled facilitator
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| characteristics of quality improvement team | a group of individuals who implement the solutions derived by the focus group (i.e Process Improvement Project (PIP))
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| what does PIP stands for | Project Improvement Project
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| characteristics of information analysis | to organise the data collected for analysis
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| equipment or tools needed for QA tests | 1. x-ray survey meters
2. phantoms
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| what are x-ray survey meters | measurement of multiparameters
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| example of measurement of multiparameters | 1. kVp
2. dose
3. dose rate
4. Half Value Layer (HVL)
5. pulse
6. pulse rate
7. mA
8. mAs
9. time
10. waveforms
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| types of QA tests | 1. AEC reproducibility test
2. kVp linearity test
3. mAs linearity test
4. entrance dose assessment
5. image resolution assessment
6. beam limiting device accuracy test
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| types of AEC reproducibilty test | 1. density control
2. dose assessment
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| kVp linearity test means fixed _____ | mAs
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| mAs linearity test means fixed ______ | kVp
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| features of the collimation/beam alignment test | 1. provide necessary verification of proper congruence of the collimator light field & xray beam
2. misalignment of collimator may cause key portions of the image to be missing
3. beam alignment portion confirms central ray is perpendicular to IR
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| _____ beam alignment will cause a ________ radiographic image | improper, distorted
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