Chemistry Refresher Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Electrons (e-) | Small negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit around an atom's positively charged nucleus by forces of electromagnetism.
Mass: 9.110 x 10^-28
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| Protons (p+) | Subatomic particles with a positive charge; with roughly 1800 times greater mass than an electron.
Mass: 1.675 x 10^-24
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| Neutrons (n) | Subatomic particles with a similar mass to their partner proton in the nucleus but with no electrical (+ or -) charge.
Mass: 1.675 x 10^-24
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| Cathode (+) | Electrode where reduction takes place.
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| Anode (-) | Electrode where oxidation takes place.
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| Ideal Gas Law | PV=nRT
*R= 0.0821 L atm/K.mol
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| Conversion Factors | 1km/ 10^3m 1in/2.54cm 1mg=10^-3g 1.06qt/L 1gal/4qt 1.61km/mi 10^3m/km 1hr/60mins
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| Fahrenheit (F) | F=9/5 (C) + 32
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| Celsius (C) | C=5/9 (F - 32)
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| Kelvin (K) | K = C +273
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| 1in | 2.54cm
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| 1lb | 454g
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| 1qt | 1qt = 0.946L
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| Pressure Conversion | 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
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| milli- | 0.001
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| centi- | 0.01
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| kilo- | 1,000
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| Acid | is a substance that donates an H+ ion to another chemical species called a base.
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| Base | is a substance that accepts (combines with) an H+ ion.
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| pH scale | measures the acidity of a liquid by measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions.
pH = 7 is neutral
pH= less that 7 is acidic
pH= greater than 7 is basic
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| Combined Gas Law | (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
*T must be in Kelvin
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| 1 mol | 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mol
*formula weight expressed in grams
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| Atomic Number (Z) | Is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Chemical Nomenclature | Is that standardized system used to name chemical elements and compounds.
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| Atomic Weight | Average atomic mass for a naturally occurring element in atomic mass units.
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| Period | Contains chemical elements in a horizontal row of the Periodic Table.
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| Group | Contains the elements in one column of the Periodic Table.
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| Metallurgy | Describes the science of metals and their properties, as well as purification methods, reactions, and the formation of useful alloys.
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| Metals | About 80% of the elements, can be pulled into thin wires (i.e., ductile) or pounded into sheets (i.e., malleable). Usually solid at room temperature, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
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| Nonmetals | Gases at room temp. (e.g., helium and argon) or brittle solids (e.g., phosphorus and selenium).
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| Chemical Bond | Force that binds two or more atoms together.
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| Molecule | Composed of atoms chemically bonded by attractive forces.
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| Covalent Bond | Electrons are shared equally between atoms.
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| Ionic Bond | Electrons are transferred between atoms.
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| Molecular Compound | Resulting mixture of different atoms.
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| Diatomic Molecules | Molecules occurring naturally as two-atom molecules (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) occurs in pairs at room temperature; grouped in IA and VIIA of the periodic table.
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| Molecular Formula | Gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule.
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| Structural Formulas | Show how specific atoms are arranged and bonded in a compound.
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| Element | Is made up of a pure sample of all of the same kinds of atoms and cannot be further separated into simpler components.
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