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ChemistryRefresher
Chemistry Refresher Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electrons (e-) | Small negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit around an atom's positively charged nucleus by forces of electromagnetism. Mass: 9.110 x 10^-28 |
| Protons (p+) | Subatomic particles with a positive charge; with roughly 1800 times greater mass than an electron. Mass: 1.675 x 10^-24 |
| Neutrons (n) | Subatomic particles with a similar mass to their partner proton in the nucleus but with no electrical (+ or -) charge. Mass: 1.675 x 10^-24 |
| Cathode (+) | Electrode where reduction takes place. |
| Anode (-) | Electrode where oxidation takes place. |
| Ideal Gas Law | PV=nRT *R= 0.0821 L atm/K.mol |
| Conversion Factors | 1km/ 10^3m 1in/2.54cm 1mg=10^-3g 1.06qt/L 1gal/4qt 1.61km/mi 10^3m/km 1hr/60mins |
| Fahrenheit (F) | F=9/5 (C) + 32 |
| Celsius (C) | C=5/9 (F - 32) |
| Kelvin (K) | K = C +273 |
| 1in | 2.54cm |
| 1lb | 454g |
| 1qt | 1qt = 0.946L |
| Pressure Conversion | 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr |
| milli- | 0.001 |
| centi- | 0.01 |
| kilo- | 1,000 |
| Acid | is a substance that donates an H+ ion to another chemical species called a base. |
| Base | is a substance that accepts (combines with) an H+ ion. |
| pH scale | measures the acidity of a liquid by measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH = 7 is neutral pH= less that 7 is acidic pH= greater than 7 is basic |
| Combined Gas Law | (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2 *T must be in Kelvin |
| 1 mol | 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mol *formula weight expressed in grams |
| Atomic Number (Z) | Is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Chemical Nomenclature | Is that standardized system used to name chemical elements and compounds. |
| Atomic Weight | Average atomic mass for a naturally occurring element in atomic mass units. |
| Period | Contains chemical elements in a horizontal row of the Periodic Table. |
| Group | Contains the elements in one column of the Periodic Table. |
| Metallurgy | Describes the science of metals and their properties, as well as purification methods, reactions, and the formation of useful alloys. |
| Metals | About 80% of the elements, can be pulled into thin wires (i.e., ductile) or pounded into sheets (i.e., malleable). Usually solid at room temperature, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity. |
| Nonmetals | Gases at room temp. (e.g., helium and argon) or brittle solids (e.g., phosphorus and selenium). |
| Chemical Bond | Force that binds two or more atoms together. |
| Molecule | Composed of atoms chemically bonded by attractive forces. |
| Covalent Bond | Electrons are shared equally between atoms. |
| Ionic Bond | Electrons are transferred between atoms. |
| Molecular Compound | Resulting mixture of different atoms. |
| Diatomic Molecules | Molecules occurring naturally as two-atom molecules (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) occurs in pairs at room temperature; grouped in IA and VIIA of the periodic table. |
| Molecular Formula | Gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule. |
| Structural Formulas | Show how specific atoms are arranged and bonded in a compound. |
| Element | Is made up of a pure sample of all of the same kinds of atoms and cannot be further separated into simpler components. |
Created by:
mmcclure
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