Chapters 14-18

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Beethoven epitomizes the new view toward the artist, no longer the servant-craftsman but an artist who, as a genius:

suffers and creates for humanity

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One of the teachers who contributed to Beethoven's roots in Classical musical expression was the composer:

Haydn

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The political event that made an enormous impact in Beethoven's life and the lives of his contemporaries was the:

French Revolution

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Beethoven's intense mood of urgency and excitement is achieved by:

maximizing all musical elements

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The genre that Beethoven is especially associated with is the:

symphony

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When Beethoven suffered a crisis in 1802, he wrote a statement of his ideals and, partly, a not so subtle suicide note named:

the Heiligenstadt Testament

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One element of Beethoven's writing that is immediately clear is his:

drive and rhythmic power

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One of the style features of Beethoven's writing that dominates the Symphony #5, I is

motivic consistency

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The scherzo movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony substitutes the traditional _______________ of the Classical Symphony.

minuet and trio

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in the Development section of Symphony No. 5, first movement, Beethoven plays with our sense of themes through:

fragmentation

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An unusual event in the recapitulation is the appearance of a:

slow oboe cadenza

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While Beethoven has certainly transformed the minuet and trio into a statement of his own expression as a Scherzo, he still retains the:

form

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During the 18th century, literature had always been considered the most important of all the arts. However, after Beethoven, it was seen that music could be:

as profound and moving as literature

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While striving for an ideal state of being was at the heart of the Romantic movement, the highest artistic goal was:

emotional expression

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As Romantic literature explored the supernatural, so composers created _____________ and _____________ to contribute to spooky sounding music.

strange harmonies, sinister orchestral sounds

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One composer from the past who was particularly well-regarded by Romantic period composers was a composer from the 16th century, _____________________.

Palestrina

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"Domestic" musical genres such as ________________ became established on the concert hall stage during the 19th century.

string quartets

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To help achieve greater expressiveness, the Romantic performer would use a rhythmic style called rubato, which means _____________, in performance.

"robbed time"

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Romantic composers were quite committed to writing more expressive melodies, and so to make them sound more spontaneous and sensitive, melodies became more:

irregular in rhythm and phraseology

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In order to pursue the Romantic ideal of expressiveness, Romantic composers used ______________in both melodies and harmony.

chromaticism

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Compared to the sharply defined sonorities of the Classical period, the Romantic composer was interested in the:

varieties of sonorities resulting from blending new combinations of orchestral sound

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Music with extramusical associations, such as a story or poem or even a landscape, is called ____________.

program music

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The Romantic composer's solution to how to give the listener some means of following music while giving the impression of being free and spontaneous was to cultivate:

songs and short piano pieces called "miniatures"

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As there was an increasing tendency to retain some of the same thematic material throughout a composition, a general principle of __________ was developed by Romantic composers.

thematic unity

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As the lied is mainly accompanied by the piano, the relationship of the pianist to the singer is one of being a ____________ in the total artistic effort.

partner

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When a song is composed with the same music for each stanza of the poem, it is called:

strophic

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Which is true of Schumann's Dichterliebe?

It is a song cycle.

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The composer who founded a magazine to advocate a higher level of music called Die Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik ("The New Music Journal") was:

Schumann

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The counterpart of the vocal miniature called "lied" is the short piano piece called:

the character piece

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"Eusebius" and "Florestan", featured in the Carnaval are two characters who are the alter-egos of:

Schumann

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The composer whose primary musical compositions were for the piano was:

Chopin

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Although Schubert's compositions are still in Classical forms and genres, a ___________ distinguishes his work from Classical composers.

a new emphasis on song

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The concert overture, a work that followed classical models used the ____________form.

sonata

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"Grandiose" compositions by Berlioz are known as ________________, as characteristic of Romanticism as the "miniature."

program symphonies

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The use of a single theme to represent the musician's beloved in Fantastic Symphony by Berlioz was called:

the idee fixe

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The purpose of singing molimo songs is to:

to wake the sleeping spirit

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An important concept that affected nineteenth century opera was:

music as the most profound of the arts

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The serious operas of this composer established the style and form of Italian Romantic opera known as bel canto opera:

Rossini

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The musical presentation of the recitative changes in nineteenth century opera with the:

more active, motivic, expanded sonorities of the orchestra

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What were the two great Shakespearean operas Verdi wrote in his seventies?

Otello, Falstaff

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One of the most frequently performed operas that shows the Romantic fascination with exotic locales is:

Aida

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The opera composer who complained that opera had degenerated into a "concert in Costume" was:

Wagner

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As Wagner developed his ideas and philosophy about opera, he grew to distinguish between his new style of ____________ and ordinary opera.

music drama

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Included in Wagner's anti-Semitic writings was a vicious attack on fellow composer:

Mendelssohn

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Wagner's musical solution to the Romantic concern with thematic unity was his use of the:

leitmotiv

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Of the two major life experiences that inspired Wagner and his music drama, Tristan und Isolde, one was:

his discovery of the Romantic philosopher Arnold Schopenhauer

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The Love-Death motive in Wagner's Prelude to Tristan und Isolde is a prime example of a Romantic theme that derives its character from:

harmony

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In Beijing opera, the orchestra consists of:

woodwinds, strings and percussion

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In France, Italy and parts of Germany, 1848 was a year of failed revolutions, and while Romanticism continued, it lived on as:

nostalgic Romanticism

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While in literature and art nostalgic fantasies were indulged, there was a growing sense of realism in ___________ at the end of the nineteenth century.

opera

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The composer who was instrumental in developing the symphonic tone poem as well as inspiring other composers to this new genre was:

Liszt

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Chaikovsky's approach to following the Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet was to:

have the interaction and transformation of the themes in the piece tell the story

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For thirteen years Chaikovsky was subsidized by _______________ with commissions and an annuity.

Madame von Meck

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One legacy of Romanticism was the struggle for national independence which was reflected in an effort:

to develop new, genuinely local musical styles

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One of the nationalist composers who actually encouraged Nationalist music in America was:

Dvorak

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The Romantic composer who literally moved to Vienna as he was returning to the Classical forms and genres of Vienna in his work was:

Johannes Brahms

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It was thought that Brahms hesitated to write or publish a symphony until he was forty-three years old because of not wanting to be compared with:

Beethoven

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While Brahms was to return to Classical forms and genres, Mahler responded to Romanticism with _____________ and ____________ of emotion, melody, motive and harmony.

exaggeration, distortion

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Gustave Mahler's compositions are fewer in number than any other composer due, in part, to the fact that:

he only had time to compose during the summer

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The Chinese zither that dates back at least three thousand years is called a:

Qin

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