A&PII

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Answer

Disease- causing agents are called

pathogens

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Fluid is kept from accumulating is tissue spaces by

the lymphatic system

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The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

vien

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The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the

thoracid duct and tight lymphatic duct

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Foreign particles that are injected into the skin enter the lymphatic system

rapidly

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After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters__ and becomes part of the ___.

veins; plasma

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The formation of lymph increases as a result of

increasing osmotic oressure in tissue fluid

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Lymph differs from plasma in that

plasma has more protiens

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The primary functions of lymph include

returing protiens to the blood stream

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The functions of the lymphatic system do not include

transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle

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Tissue fluid is __ and lymph is__.

forced out of blood plasma and generally lacking in proteins absorbed into the lymph capillaries.

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Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region, to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephaine's right arm

become edematous

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The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the

hilum

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The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

upper limb and mammary gland

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Lymph nodes are grouped throughout the body except in the

the CNS

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The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the

elbow

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A lymph node consists of

lymphocytes

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Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are

macrophages

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Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his ___ enlarge.

inguinal region

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The spleen

functions as blood reservior largest lymphatic organ, has nodules, and phagoctic cells

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T lymphocytes mature in the thymus in response to

Thymosins

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The tissues of the spleen are called

red and white pulp

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Innate defenses are

fast and non-specific

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A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is

not capable of reproduction outside a living cell

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Inflammation is a response to

heat, infection, chemical exposure, ultravoilet light

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The mononuclear phagocytic system includes

monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils

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Interferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to

viruses

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The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are

neutrophiles and moncyetes

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Interleukin-1 secreation causes

a fever

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Marsha gets a splinter in her finger. What is her blody's respones to any microbe that might try to enter her body as result of the splinter breaking the skin?

innate defense

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which of the following is not a mechanical barrier against microorganisms?

diarrhea

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___ initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body.

the complement system

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Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it

has phaogocyte cells that attack harder when the temp. rises, therefore a quick low-grade fever will be more affective then a long term.

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An immune response that is slower but more specific for the pathogen is the

adaptive defense

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A transplant recipient's body recjects a transplanted organ because her___ her does not match that of the donor closely enough.

major histocompatibility complex

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Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response?

production of antibodies

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Drugs used to reduce the tissue rejection reaction following the transplantation of tissue form one person to another

dampen the recipients immune response

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The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are

lymphocytes and macrophoages

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A transplant recipient may be able to eventually discontinue immunosuppressant drugs if

the donor received a well matched transplant from the recipient

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T lymphocytes are responsible for

they are killer cells. they kill bacteria that enter your body

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The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is

IgG

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The type of resistance that is acquired as a result of developing a disease is

naturally aquired active immunity

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which of the following are cytokines?

colony stimulating factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors

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The antibodies produced in allergic reactions

both B cells and T cells

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Following a primary immune respones, the cells that give rise to memory cells are

both B cells and T cells

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Cytotoxic T- cells destroy

cancer cells and virus- containing cells

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Cytotoxic T- cells destroy their target cells by releasing perforin, which cuts holes in

cell membranes

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A newborn is protected against certain digestive and respiratory thanks to IgA from the mother's

milk

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Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide

artificially acquired passive immunity

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In an autoimmune disease, the immune response is directed towards

cell of the body-self

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which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

juvenile hreumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes,systemic lupus erythematosus

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An antigen is ___, whereas an antibody is___.

a hepten molecule that is quite complicated in shape; an enzyme that is produced by the thymus gland to neutralized antigens

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Complement proteins, which are activated when IgG or IgM antibodies bind antigen,

causing opsonization, which coats the antibody antigens complexes in a way that attracts phagocytes.

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plasma cells

produces antibody molecules

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A pimary immune respones___, and a secondary immune respones____.

produces anitbodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

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In the cellular immune response

T- cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them

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A vaccine produces its effects by

stimulating a primary immune response

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B cells divide and differentiate into___ which produce and secrete antibodies.

plasma cells

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Newborns can acquire___ immunity through breast milk.

antibodies

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The anti-Rh factors is an example of an

IgG

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Heart valves cells can be damaged through

autoimmunity

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A vaccine can halt an infection in a population is most everyone is vaccinated due to

heard immunity

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Aging of the lymphatic system begins

before birth

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Morris has lungs cancer and is given the drug Avastin. His doctor says that the drug is a monoclonal antibody. This means that the drug consists of

a single type of antibody

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Factors that contribute to the prevalence of peanuts allergy in the U.S. include the fact that

dry roasting activates the responsible allergens

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In HIV infection, reverse trascriptase

make DNA from viral RNA

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A Vaccine against HIV

maybe be impossible due to the variability and diversity of HIV

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The order in HIV breaches barries and affects immunity is

crossing the muscosal barriers, entering macrophages, entering helper T-cells than cytotoxic T- cells

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Created by: Ludi