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Ch.16
A&PII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disease- causing agents are called | pathogens |
| Fluid is kept from accumulating is tissue spaces by | the lymphatic system |
| The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n) | vien |
| The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the | thoracid duct and tight lymphatic duct |
| Foreign particles that are injected into the skin enter the lymphatic system | rapidly |
| After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters__ and becomes part of the ___. | veins; plasma |
| The formation of lymph increases as a result of | increasing osmotic oressure in tissue fluid |
| Lymph differs from plasma in that | plasma has more protiens |
| The primary functions of lymph include | returing protiens to the blood stream |
| The functions of the lymphatic system do not include | transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle |
| Tissue fluid is __ and lymph is__. | forced out of blood plasma and generally lacking in proteins absorbed into the lymph capillaries. |
| Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region, to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephaine's right arm | become edematous |
| The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the | hilum |
| The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the | upper limb and mammary gland |
| Lymph nodes are grouped throughout the body except in the | the CNS |
| The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the | elbow |
| A lymph node consists of | lymphocytes |
| Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are | macrophages |
| Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his ___ enlarge. | inguinal region |
| The spleen | functions as blood reservior largest lymphatic organ, has nodules, and phagoctic cells |
| T lymphocytes mature in the thymus in response to | Thymosins |
| The tissues of the spleen are called | red and white pulp |
| Innate defenses are | fast and non-specific |
| A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is | not capable of reproduction outside a living cell |
| Inflammation is a response to | heat, infection, chemical exposure, ultravoilet light |
| The mononuclear phagocytic system includes | monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils |
| Interferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to | viruses |
| The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are | neutrophiles and moncyetes |
| Interleukin-1 secreation causes | a fever |
| Marsha gets a splinter in her finger. What is her blody's respones to any microbe that might try to enter her body as result of the splinter breaking the skin? | innate defense |
| which of the following is not a mechanical barrier against microorganisms? | diarrhea |
| ___ initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body. | the complement system |
| Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it | has phaogocyte cells that attack harder when the temp. rises, therefore a quick low-grade fever will be more affective then a long term. |
| An immune response that is slower but more specific for the pathogen is the | adaptive defense |
| A transplant recipient's body recjects a transplanted organ because her___ her does not match that of the donor closely enough. | major histocompatibility complex |
| Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response? | production of antibodies |
| Drugs used to reduce the tissue rejection reaction following the transplantation of tissue form one person to another | dampen the recipients immune response |
| The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are | lymphocytes and macrophoages |
| A transplant recipient may be able to eventually discontinue immunosuppressant drugs if | the donor received a well matched transplant from the recipient |
| T lymphocytes are responsible for | they are killer cells. they kill bacteria that enter your body |
| The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is | IgG |
| The type of resistance that is acquired as a result of developing a disease is | naturally aquired active immunity |
| which of the following are cytokines? | colony stimulating factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors |
| The antibodies produced in allergic reactions | both B cells and T cells |
| Following a primary immune respones, the cells that give rise to memory cells are | both B cells and T cells |
| Cytotoxic T- cells destroy | cancer cells and virus- containing cells |
| Cytotoxic T- cells destroy their target cells by releasing perforin, which cuts holes in | cell membranes |
| A newborn is protected against certain digestive and respiratory thanks to IgA from the mother's | milk |
| Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| In an autoimmune disease, the immune response is directed towards | cell of the body-self |
| which of the following is an autoimmune disease? | juvenile hreumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes,systemic lupus erythematosus |
| An antigen is ___, whereas an antibody is___. | a hepten molecule that is quite complicated in shape; an enzyme that is produced by the thymus gland to neutralized antigens |
| Complement proteins, which are activated when IgG or IgM antibodies bind antigen, | causing opsonization, which coats the antibody antigens complexes in a way that attracts phagocytes. |
| plasma cells | produces antibody molecules |
| A pimary immune respones___, and a secondary immune respones____. | produces anitbodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen |
| In the cellular immune response | T- cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them |
| A vaccine produces its effects by | stimulating a primary immune response |
| B cells divide and differentiate into___ which produce and secrete antibodies. | plasma cells |
| Newborns can acquire___ immunity through breast milk. | antibodies |
| The anti-Rh factors is an example of an | IgG |
| Heart valves cells can be damaged through | autoimmunity |
| A vaccine can halt an infection in a population is most everyone is vaccinated due to | heard immunity |
| Aging of the lymphatic system begins | before birth |
| Morris has lungs cancer and is given the drug Avastin. His doctor says that the drug is a monoclonal antibody. This means that the drug consists of | a single type of antibody |
| Factors that contribute to the prevalence of peanuts allergy in the U.S. include the fact that | dry roasting activates the responsible allergens |
| In HIV infection, reverse trascriptase | make DNA from viral RNA |
| A Vaccine against HIV | maybe be impossible due to the variability and diversity of HIV |
| The order in HIV breaches barries and affects immunity is | crossing the muscosal barriers, entering macrophages, entering helper T-cells than cytotoxic T- cells |
Created by:
Ludi