chem equilibrium and stuff
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| reaction mechanism | a series of steps that leads from reactants to products
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| elementary step | an individual step of a reaction mechanism
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| intermediates | products produced in one step of a reaction that serve as reactants in a later step
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| Collision theory | particles must collide w/ eachother or a wall in order to react
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| effective collision | a collision that leads to the formation of products
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| ineffective collision | collision forms no products
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| factors for effective collisions | orientation of particles & energy of colliding particles
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| what are most collisions? | ineffective
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| activation energy | energy needed for effective collisions, the difference bw energy of the activated complex & reactants
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| chemical kinetics | study of rates @ which reactions occur
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| activated complex | the transition structure when energy level is greatest, unstable
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| things that impact reaction rate | T-the higher, the greater the rate
Concentration-inc , inc
surface area-inc-inc
catalyst-lowers Ea, lower reaction rate
inhibitors-raise Ea, slow reaction
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| avg. reaction rate (mols/sec) | change in concentration of reactants or products per time lapsed
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| reaction rate law | equation that relates the reacting rate to the concentration of substances; R=k*(A)^x(b)^y
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| reaction order | reaction concentration exponent
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| overall reaction order | the sum of the reactant orders
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| rate determining step | the slowest elementary step of the reaction mechanism
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| chem. equilibrium | forward rate of reaction=reverse rate of reaction
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| chem. equilibrium law | reversible reactions proceed to equilibrium w/ a specific ratio of product and reactant concentrations
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| if the equilibrium constant is a lot less than 1, what does the reaction favor? | reactants
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| if the equilibrium constant is a lot more than 1. what does the reaction favor? | products
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| Chatelier's principle | when stress is imposed on a system at equilibrium, it will cause the equilibrium to shift in a direction that reduces the stress
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| factors that alter chem equilibrium: | concentration, pressure/volume, T
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| precipitation | the process of aqueous ions reforming a solid
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| dissociation | process of solid separating into aqueous ions
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| solubility equilibrium | chem equilibrium bw a saturated solution of ions and the remaining solid
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| solubility product | product of concentrations of each ion raised to the powers of their coefficients
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| Ion product Q | used to determine if reaction is at equilibrium
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| common ion effect | when 2 solutes share a common ion, you must consider the combined concentrations of the ion
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