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ch. 17-18 chem. eq.
chem equilibrium and stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| reaction mechanism | a series of steps that leads from reactants to products |
| elementary step | an individual step of a reaction mechanism |
| intermediates | products produced in one step of a reaction that serve as reactants in a later step |
| Collision theory | particles must collide w/ eachother or a wall in order to react |
| effective collision | a collision that leads to the formation of products |
| ineffective collision | collision forms no products |
| factors for effective collisions | orientation of particles & energy of colliding particles |
| what are most collisions? | ineffective |
| activation energy | energy needed for effective collisions, the difference bw energy of the activated complex & reactants |
| chemical kinetics | study of rates @ which reactions occur |
| activated complex | the transition structure when energy level is greatest, unstable |
| things that impact reaction rate | T-the higher, the greater the rate Concentration-inc , inc surface area-inc-inc catalyst-lowers Ea, lower reaction rate inhibitors-raise Ea, slow reaction |
| avg. reaction rate (mols/sec) | change in concentration of reactants or products per time lapsed |
| reaction rate law | equation that relates the reacting rate to the concentration of substances; R=k*(A)^x(b)^y |
| reaction order | reaction concentration exponent |
| overall reaction order | the sum of the reactant orders |
| rate determining step | the slowest elementary step of the reaction mechanism |
| chem. equilibrium | forward rate of reaction=reverse rate of reaction |
| chem. equilibrium law | reversible reactions proceed to equilibrium w/ a specific ratio of product and reactant concentrations |
| if the equilibrium constant is a lot less than 1, what does the reaction favor? | reactants |
| if the equilibrium constant is a lot more than 1. what does the reaction favor? | products |
| Chatelier's principle | when stress is imposed on a system at equilibrium, it will cause the equilibrium to shift in a direction that reduces the stress |
| factors that alter chem equilibrium: | concentration, pressure/volume, T |
| precipitation | the process of aqueous ions reforming a solid |
| dissociation | process of solid separating into aqueous ions |
| solubility equilibrium | chem equilibrium bw a saturated solution of ions and the remaining solid |
| solubility product | product of concentrations of each ion raised to the powers of their coefficients |
| Ion product Q | used to determine if reaction is at equilibrium |
| common ion effect | when 2 solutes share a common ion, you must consider the combined concentrations of the ion |
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