SHAPES AND MOLE7
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| C60 SOMETIMES | CALLED A BUCKYBALL.
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| C70 MOLECULES ARE SHAPED LIKE | A RUGBY BALL HAS 25 HEXAGONS.
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| EVAPORATION OF A MOLECULE OF C60 C70 IN BENZENE PRODUCES | RED CRYSTALS.2 C60 BUCKY BALLS CAN BE JOINED BY A FOUR MEMBERED CARBON RING TO MAKE C120.
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| C60 C70 ARE | . FULLERENES
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| C60 C70 ARE LIKE ALKENES COZ | ADDITION REACTIONS, WITH HYDROGEN AND HALOGENS ,C60 CAN BE POLYMERISED.
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| WHY CAN C60/70 BE IMPORTANT FORM MEDICINE | A ATOM/ION CAN BE TRAPPED BETWEEN CARBON BALLRADIOACTIVE ARGON-224 ATOMS ARE TRAPPED INSIDE C60 MOLECULES AND COATED WITH TUMOUR TARGETING ANTIBODIES =
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| INJECTED INTO CANCER PATIENT. THE TREATED C60 IS ABSORBED BY THE CANCER CELLS - THE RADON ATOMS EMIT ALPHA RAYS WHICH DESTROY THE CANCER BUT HAVE SHORT RANGE OF RAYS SO DOE’S HARM OTHER ORGANS. |
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| WHY DOES C-60 WORK IN TREATING CANCER | IT’S ABSORBEDBY CANCER CELL. RADON EMMMITS ALPHA WHICH DESTROYS CANCER
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| CARBON NANOTUDES ARE | CYLINDER OF INTERLOCKING HEXAGONS OF CARBON ATOMS. ONE END SEALED WITH FULLERENE MOLECULE , THE RADIUS IS A FEW NANOMETERS.
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| WHY ARE NANOTIBES SO SLIM | THE RADIUS IS A FEW NANOMETERS/
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| NANOTUBES CAN BE USED TO | DELIVER DRUGS TO SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY.
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| CLUSTERS OF CARBON NANOTUDES | ARE ONE HUNDRED TIMES AS STRONG AS STEEL WIRE –HAVE DELOCALISED ELECTRONS AND CAN CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.
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| SILICON HAS A | SILICON CARBIDE DIAMOND LIKE STRUCTURE – HAS 4 CARBON ATOMS SURROUNDED BY 4 SILICON ATOMS.
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| QUARTZ SIO2 IS A | GIANT ATOMIC LATTICE EACH SILICON BONDED TO 4 OXYGEN AND EACH OXYGEN HAS 2 SILICON.
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| ALL GIANT ATOMIC SUBSTANCES HAVE VERY HIGHER METING POINT COZ | COVALENT BONDS HAVE TO BE BROKEN WHEN -SOLID IS MELTED OR SUBLIMED.
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| DIAMOND AND GRAPHITE SUBLIME AT | OVER 3500DEGREES CELSIUS. AND QUARTS MELT AT 1610DEGREES CELSIUS.
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| GIANT ATOMIC SUBSTANCES ARE HARD BECAUSE | COVALENT BONDS, USEFUL AS ABRASIVES E.G. SANDPAPER COATED WITH GRAINS OF QUARTZ, ABRASIVE CARBORUNDUM IS MADE OF SILICON CARBIDE.
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| ABRASIVE CARBORUNDUM MADE OF | SILICON CARBIDE.
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| SIMPLE MOLECULES FORMED BY | N2 O2 S8,P4 ,HALOGEN IN GROUP 7 ALL DIATOMIC. FONPSCL.
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| FORCES BETWEEN ELEMENTAL ELEMENTS ARE | DISPERSION, THEY ALSO FORM SIMPLE MOLECULE STRUCTURES E.G. ALKANE , ALKENE , HALOGENOALKANES , HYDROGEN SUPLIDEH2S, PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE PCL3 PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE AND SF6.
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| THE FORCES ARE DIPSPERISON IF | MOLECULE IS POLAR & PERMANENT DIPOLE DIPOLE.
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| MELTING AND BOILING INTERMOLECULAR FORCES ARE WEAK SO | SIMPLE MOLECULAR SUBSTANCES HAVE LOW MELTING AND BOILING TEMPS.
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| THE BOILING POINTS OF NOBLE GASES | INCREASE DOWN THE GROUP HELIUM LOWEST.
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| WHY DOES BP INCREASE DOWN A GROUP | BECAUSE OF DISPERSION FORCES. AND THE STRENGTH OF FORCES INCREASE AS... NUMBER OF ELECTRONS INCREASES.
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| BOILING TEMP OF ALKANES INCREASE AS THE NUMBER OF | CARBON ATOMS INCREASE,. THE LARGE MOLECULES HAVE MORE POINTS OF CONTACT MORE DISPERSION FORCES SO TOTAL DISPERSION FORCE IS GREATER.
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| MORE POINT OF CONTACT MEANS | MORE DISPERSION FORCES
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| DIPERSION FORCES INCREASE | AS NO OF ELECTRON INCREASE
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| THE BOILING POINTS OF HYDROGEN HALIDES HCL-HI, INCREASE DUE TO STRENGTH OF | DISPERSION FORCES INCREASES AS NUMBER OF ELECTRONS MORE. BUT H-F IS ANOMALOUS IT FORMS INTERMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BONDS.
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| H-F ,H2O,COOH ACIDS,NH3,AND ORGANIC AMINE ARE | HYDROGEN BONDED
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| FOR THEM TO BOIL MOLECULES MUST BE | SEPERAETED INVOLVES BREAKING THE HYDROGEN BONDS & DISPERSION FORCES.
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