SCI review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are causes of SCI? | Motor vehicle accidents 41% followed by falls and acts of violence, gun shot wounds.
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| Life expectancy; Mortality rates? | Lower life expectancy for non SCI; mortality rates are higher in the first year
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| How is a patient with SCI classified according to level and extent of injury? | Complete or incomplete; use the ASIA impairment scale
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| ASIA A | Complete; No sensory or motor function is preserved in the sacral segments S4 and S5
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| ASIA B | Incomplete; Sensory bot not motor function is preserved below the neulogical level and includes the sacral segments S4 and S5.
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| ASIA C | Incomplete; Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and more than half of the key muscle below the neurological level have a muscle grade of less than 3
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| ASIA D | Incomplete; Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscle below the neurological level have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3
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| ASIA E | Normal; Sensory and motor function are normal
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| Myotome C5 | Elbow flexion
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| C6 | Wrist extensors
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| C7 | Elbow extensors
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| C8 | Finger flexors
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| T1 | Finger abductors
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| L2 | hip flexors
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| L3 | knee extensors
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| L4 | ankle dorsiflexors
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| L5 | long toe extensors
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| S1 | Ankle plantar flexors
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| Tetraplegia and Quadriplegia | four extremities affected
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| Paraplegia | The UE are not affected
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| Reflexic Injury | upper neuron lesions; symptoms, spasticity, hypertonicity, and pathologic reflexes
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| Areflexic | lower motor neuron injuries; peripheral nerves, flaccidity, atrophy, and absence of reflexes
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| Brown –Sequard | contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations, ipsilateral loss of proprioception, and ipsilateral spastic motor paralysis below level of injury
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| Central cord syndrome | seen with older people with cervical spondylosis and hyperextension injuries, greater involvement of the UEs than the Les
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| Anterior cord syndrome | anterior portion of the spinal cord more so than the posterior, proprioception is spared but motor function is affected
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| Cauda Equina Syndrome | areflexic motor injury is seen
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| C3-C5 | inspiration, keep the diaphragm alive
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| T1-T11 | Inspiration – intercostal muscles
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| T8-T12 | Abdominal muscles, forced breathing and coughing
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| C2-C4 | neck muscles
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| Signs and Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia | Elevated systolic and diastolic BP, pounding headache, nausea, chills and goose bumps, sweating, flushing, restlessness, brady or tachycardia, blurred vision or spots, nasal congestion, minimal or no symptoms, cardiac arrhymias
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| Stage I | Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
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| Stage II | Partial thickness skin loss
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| Stage III | Full thickness skin loss involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia
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| Stage IV | Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to soft tissue
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| Non-stagable | Sore is covered with eschar so that one is unable to determine the condition of the tissue below
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| Parameters for frequency of pressure relief | for 15 seconds every 15 minutes; 30 seconds every 30 min; 1 min for ever 1hr
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| C1 to C3 | mechanical lift; mouthstick activities; power w/c with recliner or tilt-in-space, sip and puff
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| C4 | mechanical lift; mouthstick activities; power w/c with recliner sip and puff with head control JS
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| C5 | Mechanical lift, assisted sliding board; self feeding, light grooming; power w/c with recliner with hand control JS
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| C6 | Sliding board assisted or (I), possible depression; Rolling, coming to sit, dressing, drive car with assistive devices, sitting balance; power upright with hand control JS, manual w/c
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| C7 | Depression, may require sliding board; Roll, coming to sit, dressing, sitting balance; manual w/c, power w/c
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| C8 | Depression, independent functional activities except floor and stairs; manual w/c
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| T1 | Depression, same as C8; manual w/c
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| T2 to L1 | Depression;Ambulation with RGO and UE A/D for exercise only, modified independent for all functional activities except floor and stairs; manual w/c
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| L2 | Depression; Ambulation with KAFOs or RGOs and UE assistive devices for exercise only, mod (I) for all functional activities; manual w/c
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| L3 | Stand or squat pivot; ambulation with AFOs and UE A/D, mod (I) for all functional activities; manual w/c
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| L5 | Stand pivot; ambulate with AFOs, may not need UE A/D, mod (I) for all functional activities; may require w/c for long distance
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| S1 | As able-bodied; Ambulate with no orthoses or UE A/D, (I) for functional activities; may be modified for bowel and bladder care. No w/c
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Created by:
ckdabne
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