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Elementary Statistics 2004

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Term
Define
show Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected  
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show A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data  
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show The complete collection of all elements (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied  
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Population   show
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show The collection of data from every member of the population  
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show A subcollection of members selected from a population  
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Sample data   show
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If sample data are not collected in a appropriate way,   show
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TYPES OF DATA???   show
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Parameter   show
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show all of those votes to be the population considered, When Lincoln was first elected, he received 39.82% of the 1,865,908 votes cast which is 29.825.  
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Statistic   show
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show of 877 surveyed executives, it was found that 45% of them would not hire someone with a typographical error on their job application  
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show Data consists of numbers representing counts or measurement  
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Quantitative data   show
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show Temperature, Years  
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Interval level of measurement   show
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show shoe sizes [US vs Europe] and temperature  
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show can be either discreet or continuous  
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Ratio level of measurement   show
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show differences and ratios are meaningful  
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Ratio level of measurement   show
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show Height of students  
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Ratio data   show
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show HIGHEST LEVEL OF DATA  
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show can be either discreet or continuous.  
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show can be further distinguished between discrete and continuous.  
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show Data that results when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a “countable” numbers.  
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Discrete Data   show
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show number of eggs that hens lay  
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show thickness of paper; measurement of weight  
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show Results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps.  
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Continuous (numerical) Data   show
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Qualitative (or categorical or attribute) data   show
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show The genders (male/female) of professional athletes  
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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show (Categories & groups, but with some natural order to the groups.)  
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Ordinal Level of Measurement   show
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show Ranking cities; those ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etcBut, the differences between ranks are meaningless  
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show Discrete  
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show Interval  
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show usually Discrete  
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Man on the street samples are   show
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Misuses of Statistics   show
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Misuses of Statistics   show
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Misuses of Statistics   show
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show typically plays a critical role in determining which data to collect.  
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Observational Study   show
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Cross Sectional Study   show
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show Data are collected from the past by going back in time.  
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show Data are collected in the future from groups (called cohorts) sharing common factors.  
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Experimental   show
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Experimental Key Elements   show
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show Effects of variables through: blinding, blocks, completely randomized, experimental design, rigorously controlled experimental design  
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Confounding   show
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show Subject doesn't know if he or she is receiving a treatment or placebo  
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show Neither the subject nor the experimenter knows whether treatment or placebo is being administered  
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Blocks   show
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Completely Randomized Experimental Design   show
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Rigorously Controlled Design   show
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show Selection so that each has an equal chance of being selected  
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show of size n  
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show Select some starting point and then select every Kth element in the population  
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show 7th person of a group of 10; i.e., 7, 17, 27, 37, etc., OR every 7th person i.e., 7, 14, 21, 28, etc  
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show Use results that are easy to get, choosing the first 10 people who get off work  
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show Subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups that share the same characteristics, then draw a sample from each subgroup (or stratum  
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Cluster Sampling   show
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Sampling Error   show
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Nonsampling Error   show
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