Logic Exam 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| A being given as true | E is False, I is true, O is False
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| E being given as true | A is False, I is false, O is true
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| I being given as true | E is false, A and O Undetermined
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| O being given as true | A is false; E and I are undetermined
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| A being given as false | O is true; E and I are undetermined
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| E being given as false | I is true; A and O are undetermined
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| I being given as false | A is false; E is true; O is true.
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| O being given as false | A is true; E is false; I is true.
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| Sq opposition: A to E | Contraries
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| Sq opposition: A to O | Contradictories
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| Sq opposition: I to E | Contradictories
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| Sq opposition: I to O | Subcontraries
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| Converse | Change Subject and Predicate
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| Obversion | (All) quality P to NonP; All pure G. >No B are non-G.
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| Contraposition | Switch position and replace with complement. A and O if limited, but no longer works with E.
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| All A are B. Some A are B. | Will Show Invalid with diagram
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| No A are B. Some A are Not B. | Will show Invalid with diagram.
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| How many circles draw syllagism? | three
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| Represent first? | Major Premise
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| Represent second? | Minor Premise
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| Represent third? | Don't draw in conclusion.
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| x in area | at least 1 in area
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| x on a line | don't know, might be in bothor in just one.
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| curly cues? | nothing. not applicable.
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| Four Terms | Equivication, Ambiguity, Amphiboly; All A's are B's. All B's are C. Therefore, As are Ds. Look different but different not okay.
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| Undistributed Middle | middle term not distributed in either premise. All A's are B's. All Cs are Bs. Therefore, All As are Cs.
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| Distribution: A | All (A) are B
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| Distribution: E | No (A) are (B)
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| Distribution: I | Some A are B
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| Distribution: O | Some A are not (B)
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| Illicit Major | Premises make no assertion about all mammals, but conclude no cats are mammals. All B's are C's. No A are B. Therefore, No As are Cs.
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| Illicit Minor | Minor term undistributed; assertion about all opponents of abortion but the premises make no assertion; they say nothing about all abortion opponents.All Cs are Bs. All Bs are As. Therefore, all As are Cs.
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| Exclusive premise | No, No, therefore No. Avoid two negative premises.
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| Can we have two Os? | No
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| Can we have two Es? | No
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| Affirmative Concl from Neg Premise | All As are Bs. No Cs are Bs. Therefore All As are Cs. If either premise is neg. then the conclusion must be neg.
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| Valid categorical syllogism with all Is or Os | No matter will get undistributed middle or illcit major
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| E and I, but what if limited? | A if limited by Some. Conversion does not exist for Boolean.
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| A and O-Sometimes what? | Sometimes E if limited, no longer works with E.
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| Relational sides of the square are undone, but... | diagonal contradictory relations remain in force.
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| First Figure | M-P, S-M
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| Second Figure | P-M, S-M
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| Third Figure | M-P, M-S
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| Fourth Figure | P-M, M-S
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| Existential Fallacy | A and E>Can't get particular IO All As are Bs All Bs are Cs. Th. Some As are Cs. From two universal premises, no particular conclusion may be drawn.
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