Esters and Keytones.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the name given to the C=O group in organic chem? | It is called an Carbonyl group.
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| How are Aldehydes formed? | Through the oxidation of Primary alcohols, under distillation with weak acid catalyst.
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| How are Keytones formed? | Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols.
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| How can we distinguish between Aldehyde and Keytones? | Tollens Reagent, the silver mirror test. Aldehydes will be oxidised to Carboxcylic Acids which forms a silver mirror and the Keytones will not react at all.
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| How do the boiling points of compounds with the C=O bond differ from Alkanes with similar masses: | They will have higher boiling points because the C=O bond is polar and there will be Dipole-Dipole attractions between the molecules.
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| Comment on the solubility of Keytones and Aldehydes: | The C=O bond is capable of forming hydrogen bonds between the H2O molecules making them fairly soluble, with shorter chained ones being more soluble.
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| What is the most common reaction mechanism for Aldehydes and Keytones? | Nucelophilic Addition, the C=O is polar which allows for attack from Nucelophiles and also the double bond is open to addition.
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| Give an example of a Nucleophilic Addition reaction with an Aldehyde: | Reaction of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) with an aldehyde, this will produce a HydroxyNitrile and the carbon chain length will have increased by 1.
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| Why isn't HCN used commonly in a lab: | HCN is a gas at room temp and will be difficult to control, the CN- ion is very dangerous, interfering with Enzymes responsible for respiration.
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