Medical Terms 4
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| Abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
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| adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
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| Neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between nerves and muscles
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| Physiatrist | physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
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| Fasciitis | inflammation of a fascia
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| Fibromyalgia syndrome | debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue
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| Tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
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| Tendinitis | inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
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| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems
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| Adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
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| Atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
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| Myalgia | tenderness or pain in the muscle
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| Myocele | herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
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| Hernia | protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
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| Myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue
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| Myorrhexis | rupture or tearing of muscle
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| Polymyositis | muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
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| Sarcopenia | loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging
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| Atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength
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| Dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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| Hypotonia | condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscle
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| Ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
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| Contracture | permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.
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| Intermittent Claudication | pain in the leg muscle that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
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| Spasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
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| Cramp | painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause
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| Spasmodic Torticollis | stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
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| Bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement
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| Dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm
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| Hyperkinesia | abnormally increased muscle function or activity
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| Myoclonus | sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
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| Nocturnal Myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
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| Singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
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| Myasthenia Gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
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| Muscular Dystrophy | progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system
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| Impingement Syndrome | occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
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| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | symptoms occur when the tendons pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
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| Ganglion Cyst | harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
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| Epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
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| Heel Spur | calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus
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| Plantar Fasciitis | inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
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| Sprain | injury to a joint when a ligament is wrenched or torn
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| Strain | injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon
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| Shin Splint | muscle tearing away from the tibia
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| Achilles Tendinitis | painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on the tendon
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| Illiotibial Band Syndrome | overuse injury; caused by band rubbing against bone
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| Paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
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| Myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis
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| Hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
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| Hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
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| Paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
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| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| Cardioplegia | paralysis of heart muscle
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| Electromyography | diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
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| antispasmodic | administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
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| Ergonomics | study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
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| Fasciotomy | surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
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| Fascioplasty | surgical repair of a fascia
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| Tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
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| Tenolysis | release of a tendon from adhesions
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| Tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
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| Myorrhaphy | surgical suturing a muscle
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| Myotomy | surgical incision into a muscle
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| Contraction | tightening of a muscle
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| Dorsiflexion | movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| Pronation | act of rotating arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward
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| Oblique | slanted or at an angle
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