science final chemistry 8th-ions, bonding, atoms(ect)
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| ion | an atom with a charge, formed from losing or gaining electrons
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| ionic bond | the attraction between a positive and negative ion, the result of an electron transfer
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| ionic compound | a compound made up of positive and negative ions. the overal charge is nuetral
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| chemical formula | a group of symbols that show how many of each element is in a compound
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| subscript | indentifies the ratio of the elements in the compound
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| chemical reaction | a chemical change in matter that produces one or more substances
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| physical properties of ionic compound | solubility in water
crystal lattice structure
electrical conductivity
brittleness
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| what happens in ionic bonding | -electron transfer
-forms between ions
-occurs between metals and non-metals
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| what group of elements on the periodic table are all ready happy and complete? | group 18 because they have 8 valance electrons
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| what threeparts make up the atom | proton(+), nuetron(no charge), and electron(-)
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| electrons located in outermost ring on atom is... | valence electrons
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| group | vertical rows on periodic table
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| period | horizantal row on periodic table
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| true or false? are atoms nuetral?why? | true! because the number of protons equals the number of electrons, which mean the charges cancle out, causing a nuetral/ no charge
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| atoms | considered to be building blocks of matter. They are the smallest possible unit that an element can be divided into and still be the same element.
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| oxidation number | represents the total charge of an ion(charged atom) after an electron transfer has taken place.
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| Oxidation numbers:lithium (name protons, electrons, valence, bonding rule, type of ion formed, oxi #) | protons=3
electrons=3
valence electron=1
bonding=lose 1 electron
type of ion= + charge
oxidation #= 1+
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| oxidation numbers: Potassium- | protons-19
electrons-19
valence electrons-1
bonding rule-lose 1 electron
type of ion formed- (-)
oxidation number+ 1-
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| if electrons are lost it becomes a ______ ion | POSITIVE!
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| if electrons are gained it becomes a ________ ion | NEGATIVE!
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| law of conservation | states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed durring chemical or physical changes
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| mass | the measurment of how much matter an object contains
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| the volume of an irregular object can be measured by ... | submerging the object in water in a graduated cylinder
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| in the labortory volumes of liquid are usually measured with a | graduated cylinder
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| anthing that has mass and takes up space is called | matter
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| how would you calculate the density of an object? | divide it's mass by it's volume
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| the metric base unit for mass is | grams
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| which two metric measrements are the same when measureing liquids? | mL and cm3
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| a helium balloon floats in air because helium is | less dense than air
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| is there a difference between mass and weight? | yes because weight changes with gravity and mass does not.
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| matter is anything that has.. | mass and volume
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| the density of water is | 1.0 g/cm3
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| the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given amount of space is called? | density
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| the units: litter, milliliter, and cubic centimeter are all used to measure the_________ of and object | volume
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| density is a__________property of matter | physical
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| length*width*height gives us the_____of a rectangular box | volume formula
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| a volume of 25 mililitters is _______a volume of 25 cubic centimeters | is equal too
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| mass is the measure of the total amount of_______is an object | matter
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| when measuring liquid volume you must look eye level at the graduated cylinder and read the measurements from the bottom of the ____________? | meniscus
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| what method can be used to find the amount of space that an irregulary shaped object takes up | water displacement method
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| in which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space availibe to them? | gas state
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| what happens durring the process of sublimation | a solid turns directly into a gas
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| the change from liquid to solid, or the reverse of melting is called | frezzing
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| particles of a liquid | are free to move in a conatiner but remain in close contact with one another
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| what is vaporation | a liquid becoming a gas
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| what happens to the mass of something as it changes from a liquid to a solid? | the mass stays the same
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| the boiling point of a substance is affected by | the elevation or air pressure
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| the oppisite of vaporation is called | condensation
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| when an inflated soccer ball is exposed to cold air... | the volume of the bal decresses
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| the amount of space that a gas takes up is | volume
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| the frezzing point of water is the same as its... | melting point
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| a solid is a state of matter that has a | definite volume and definite shape
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| what is a chemical property of paper | it has the ability to burn
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| the key difference between water and water vapor is the | kinetic energy of the particles
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| in which state of matter are the particles packed tightly together in fixed positions? | solid
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| in which state of matter goes through changes in volume most easily? | gas
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| what is true about solid particles/ particles in a solid? | they are always vibrating in place
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| hot water has more________ than cold water | kinetic energy
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| what happens to object in the cold? | the particles contract
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| what happens to objects in the heat? | the particles expand
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| and object in the liquid state has the same_____as the same object in a solid state | mass
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| vinegar reacting with baking soda is a | chemical change
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| filling a bike tire with air is a | physical change
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| water evaporating from a sponge is a | physical change
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| digesting a milkshake is a | chamical change
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