Basic Chemistry
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| Subparticle that has a POSITIVE charge? | Protons
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| Subparticle that has NO CHARGE(neutral)? | Neutrons
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| Subparticle that has a NEGATIVE charge? | Electrons
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| Protons and neutrons weigh? | 1 Atomic mass unit (AMU)
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| Electrons weigh? | 0 AMU (Atomic mass unit)
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| In an atom, the number of protons equal the number of electron. | True
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| What is reffered to as an "energy packet"? | Electrons
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| What is found at the center or an atom? | Protons and Neutrons
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| What tiny subparticle(s)orbit around the nucleus of an atom? | Electrons
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| What subparticle determines the chemical behavior (ability to bond) with other atoms? | Electrons
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| This portrays the atom as a miniature solar system. | Planetary model
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| This is equal to the number of protons that the atom contains. | Atomic number
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| The sum of the protons and neutrons. | Atomic mass number (AMU)
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| These are different atomic forms of the same element, they vary only in the number of ELECTRONS they contain. | Isotope(s)
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| This is the simpliest atom and contains one proton and one electron. | Hydrogen(H)
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| These are radioactive isotopes, they emit subatomic particles from their nucleus. | Radioisotope(s)
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| This is an average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element. | Atomic weight
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| This is close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope, and reflects the natural isotope variation. | Atomic weight
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| These are heavy isotopes, they tend to be unstable and decompose to become a more stable isotope. | Radioisotope(s)
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| The process of spontaneous atomic decay is? | Radioactivity
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| Two or more atoms of the same (or different) elements combined chemically are? | Molecules
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| Two or more different elements combined chemically are? | Compounds
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| The process in which molecues are formed, changed or broken down. | Chemical reaction
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| True or false: Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell us complete. | True
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| True or false: Inert elements are chemically inactive. | True
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| Atoms are considered stable when their outermost orbital shell has 8 electrons, this is known as? | The rule of eights
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| In an atom, shell 1 can hold? | A maximum of 2 electrons
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| In an atom, shell 2 can hold? | A maximum of 8 electrons
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| In an atom, shell 3 can hold? | A maximum of 18 electrons
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| In these elements the valence shell is NOT full and they are unstable. | Reactive elements
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| Which shell is the active shell for bonding? | Valence shell
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| When do atoms become ions? | When they are positively or negatively charged
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| This bond is formed by the complete transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another (or others). | Ionic bond
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| Ions are also called? | Electrolytes
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| These ions are negative due to the gain of electron(s). | Anions
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| These ions are positive due to the loss oof electron(s). | Cations
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| Which are the strongest types of bonds? | Covalent bonds
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| What type of bonds are either nonpolar or polar? | Covalent bonds
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| When the electrons are shared equally between the atoms of a molecule and the molecule is electrically neutral, this is known as what? | Nonpolar covalent bond
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| When the electrons have NOT been shared equally between the atoms of a molecule they will have a negative and positive side or pole, this is known as what? | Polar covalent bond
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| What is a classic example of a polar covalent bond? | Water
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| Which type of bond is the weakest? | Chemical bonds
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| When a bond is linking molecules NOT atoms. | Chemical bond
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| What type of bond creates the surface tension of water? | Hydrogen bonds
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| This type of bond provides attraction between molecules, "change differences attract". | Hydrogen bonds
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| In this type of bond the hydrogen (H) is attracted to the negative portion of the polar molecule. | Hydrogen bond
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| What happens during a synthesis reaction? | Atoms or molecules combine and energy is absorbed to form bond formation.
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| A+B-->AB or smaller to larger, is an example of? | Synthesis reaction
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| What happens during a decomposition reaction? | Molecule is broken down and chemical energy id released.
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| AB-->A+B or larger to smaller, is an example of? | Decomposition reaction
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| What happens during an exchange reaction? | Bonds are both made and broken using both synthesis and decomposition reactions, a switch between molecule parts and different molecules are made.
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| AB+C-->AC+B, bonds being made and broken is an example of? | Exhange reactions
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| What is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds? | Organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not.
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| Four examples of ORGANIC compounds are? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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| Four examples of INORGANIC compounds are? | Water, salts, some acids and some bases
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| Water is polar, this means what? | It has a positive and negative region.
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| Which type of compound will pull apart when dropped into water? | Any ionic compound
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| What is the most abundant compound in the body? | Water
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| Four vital properties of water are? | High heat capacity, solvent, chemical reactivity and cushoning
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| True of false: Salts are neither an acid or a base. | True
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| What easily dissosiates in the presence of water? | Salts
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| Why are salts vital to many body functions? | They include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents.
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| Hydrogen ions are often called? | Protons
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| More hydrogen means? | Compounds are more acidic
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| Proton donors that release Hydrogen ions (H+). | Acids
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| Alcholyn is associated with? | Bases
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| Proton acceptors that release hydroxyl ions? | Bases
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| Molecular ions refer to? | Bases
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| What measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions? | pH
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| pH 7 is? | Neutral
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| pH below 7 is? | Acidic
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| pH above 7 is? | Basic
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| Chemicals that can regulate pH balance? | Buffers
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| Monomers(building blocks) are joined to form polymers through the removal of water molecules describes? | Dehydration synthesis
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| Polymers are broken down into monomers through the addition of water molecules describes? | Hydrolysis
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| Digestion is an example of? | Dehydration synthesis
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