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A&P Ch 2
Basic Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Subparticle that has a POSITIVE charge? | Protons |
| Subparticle that has NO CHARGE(neutral)? | Neutrons |
| Subparticle that has a NEGATIVE charge? | Electrons |
| Protons and neutrons weigh? | 1 Atomic mass unit (AMU) |
| Electrons weigh? | 0 AMU (Atomic mass unit) |
| In an atom, the number of protons equal the number of electron. | True |
| What is reffered to as an "energy packet"? | Electrons |
| What is found at the center or an atom? | Protons and Neutrons |
| What tiny subparticle(s)orbit around the nucleus of an atom? | Electrons |
| What subparticle determines the chemical behavior (ability to bond) with other atoms? | Electrons |
| This portrays the atom as a miniature solar system. | Planetary model |
| This is equal to the number of protons that the atom contains. | Atomic number |
| The sum of the protons and neutrons. | Atomic mass number (AMU) |
| These are different atomic forms of the same element, they vary only in the number of ELECTRONS they contain. | Isotope(s) |
| This is the simpliest atom and contains one proton and one electron. | Hydrogen(H) |
| These are radioactive isotopes, they emit subatomic particles from their nucleus. | Radioisotope(s) |
| This is an average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element. | Atomic weight |
| This is close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope, and reflects the natural isotope variation. | Atomic weight |
| These are heavy isotopes, they tend to be unstable and decompose to become a more stable isotope. | Radioisotope(s) |
| The process of spontaneous atomic decay is? | Radioactivity |
| Two or more atoms of the same (or different) elements combined chemically are? | Molecules |
| Two or more different elements combined chemically are? | Compounds |
| The process in which molecues are formed, changed or broken down. | Chemical reaction |
| True or false: Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell us complete. | True |
| True or false: Inert elements are chemically inactive. | True |
| Atoms are considered stable when their outermost orbital shell has 8 electrons, this is known as? | The rule of eights |
| In an atom, shell 1 can hold? | A maximum of 2 electrons |
| In an atom, shell 2 can hold? | A maximum of 8 electrons |
| In an atom, shell 3 can hold? | A maximum of 18 electrons |
| In these elements the valence shell is NOT full and they are unstable. | Reactive elements |
| Which shell is the active shell for bonding? | Valence shell |
| When do atoms become ions? | When they are positively or negatively charged |
| This bond is formed by the complete transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another (or others). | Ionic bond |
| Ions are also called? | Electrolytes |
| These ions are negative due to the gain of electron(s). | Anions |
| These ions are positive due to the loss oof electron(s). | Cations |
| Which are the strongest types of bonds? | Covalent bonds |
| What type of bonds are either nonpolar or polar? | Covalent bonds |
| When the electrons are shared equally between the atoms of a molecule and the molecule is electrically neutral, this is known as what? | Nonpolar covalent bond |
| When the electrons have NOT been shared equally between the atoms of a molecule they will have a negative and positive side or pole, this is known as what? | Polar covalent bond |
| What is a classic example of a polar covalent bond? | Water |
| Which type of bond is the weakest? | Chemical bonds |
| When a bond is linking molecules NOT atoms. | Chemical bond |
| What type of bond creates the surface tension of water? | Hydrogen bonds |
| This type of bond provides attraction between molecules, "change differences attract". | Hydrogen bonds |
| In this type of bond the hydrogen (H) is attracted to the negative portion of the polar molecule. | Hydrogen bond |
| What happens during a synthesis reaction? | Atoms or molecules combine and energy is absorbed to form bond formation. |
| A+B-->AB or smaller to larger, is an example of? | Synthesis reaction |
| What happens during a decomposition reaction? | Molecule is broken down and chemical energy id released. |
| AB-->A+B or larger to smaller, is an example of? | Decomposition reaction |
| What happens during an exchange reaction? | Bonds are both made and broken using both synthesis and decomposition reactions, a switch between molecule parts and different molecules are made. |
| AB+C-->AC+B, bonds being made and broken is an example of? | Exhange reactions |
| What is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds? | Organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not. |
| Four examples of ORGANIC compounds are? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| Four examples of INORGANIC compounds are? | Water, salts, some acids and some bases |
| Water is polar, this means what? | It has a positive and negative region. |
| Which type of compound will pull apart when dropped into water? | Any ionic compound |
| What is the most abundant compound in the body? | Water |
| Four vital properties of water are? | High heat capacity, solvent, chemical reactivity and cushoning |
| True of false: Salts are neither an acid or a base. | True |
| What easily dissosiates in the presence of water? | Salts |
| Why are salts vital to many body functions? | They include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents. |
| Hydrogen ions are often called? | Protons |
| More hydrogen means? | Compounds are more acidic |
| Proton donors that release Hydrogen ions (H+). | Acids |
| Alcholyn is associated with? | Bases |
| Proton acceptors that release hydroxyl ions? | Bases |
| Molecular ions refer to? | Bases |
| What measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions? | pH |
| pH 7 is? | Neutral |
| pH below 7 is? | Acidic |
| pH above 7 is? | Basic |
| Chemicals that can regulate pH balance? | Buffers |
| Monomers(building blocks) are joined to form polymers through the removal of water molecules describes? | Dehydration synthesis |
| Polymers are broken down into monomers through the addition of water molecules describes? | Hydrolysis |
| Digestion is an example of? | Dehydration synthesis |
Created by:
rhiginbo
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