IB States of Matter
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Solid state | fixed shape and volume; particles held together by intermolecular forces in a fixed position; particles can vibrate about a fixed point but do not have translational velocity
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| liquid state | fixed volume; takes shape of container; particles held closely together by intermolecular forces; particles have translational velocity so diffusion can occur
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| gaseous state | widely spaced particles that completely fill container; pressure of gas due to particles colliding with walls of container; intermolecular forces negligible; volume occupied by molecules negligible compared with total volume of gas; diffusion can occur
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| absolute temperature | proportional to its average kinetic energy (.5 mass) x (velocity squared)
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| melting | solid particles increase in temp as kinetic energy increases due to greater vibration of particles; when vibration is sufficient to overcome intermolecular forces holding the lattice together the solid melts. temp doesn't increase during melting
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| boiling | liquid particles move faster than solid; some move faster than others and escape from surface of liquid to form a vapour; when pressure of the vapour is equal to pressure above liquid, the liquid boils. temp remains same during boiling
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| Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution | shows the distribution of kinetic energies.
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| Why does a volatile liquid feel cold as it evaporates? | When a liquid evaporates it is the faster moving particles that escape so the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles is lower.
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| Ideal gas equation | PV=nRT; P=pressure; V=volume; n=number of moles; R=gas constant; T=temperature (K)
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| Real gases | have some attractive forces between particles; particles occupy some space. Real gases behave like an ideal gas at high temp and low pressure.
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