Pathology ch 1
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| What is the study of diseases? | Pathology
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| Disease is the bodies response to some form of? | Injury(may be hereditary, traumatic, infectious, vascular, or metabolic)
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| The disease will prevent itself by a set of characteristics known as signs and symptoms. The determination of diseases is called what? | Diagnosis
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| What is the prediction of the outcome of the disease? | Prognosis
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| What is the study of causation of a pathologic process called? | Etiology
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| Acute______ is the initial response of body tissues to local injury. (Regardless whether the injury is penetrating trauma infectious organisms or chemical substances where there are four events that occur sequentially.) | Inflammation
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| What's the sequence in which acute inflammation occurs? | 1. Alternations in blood flow & vascular permeability 2. White blood cells migrate to the area of injury 3. The process of digestion of dead cells & tissue occurs 4. Repair
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| The increase in blood flow to injury site is called? | Hyperemia
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| The venules and capillaries become_____ | Permeable.
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| The allowance of passage of protein rich plasma across vessel walls is | Permeable
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| What is the process of digestion of dead cells and tissue occurs called? | Phagocytosis
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| The ____ microorganism produces ______. | Pyogenic ; pus
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| What are two examples of pyogenic microorganisms? | Staphylococcus & streptococcus
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| An ____ is localized and usually is encapsulated ___ of _____. | Abscess ; collection of pus
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| This is a tumor like mass of tissue caused by a chronic inflammatory process. | Granuloma
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| Give an example of granule a | Tuberculosis
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| This is a bacteria in the blood and which can then invade other organs and tissues of the body is called? | Bacteremia
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| This is an abnormal amount of fluid in tissue spaces or body cavities. | Edema
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| Generalized _____(______) becomes systemic and can produce swelling in tissues throughout the body. | Edema or anasarca
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| This is the lack of blood supply to an organ or part of an organ. The organs cells and tissues are deprived of oxygen and nutrients. | Ischemia
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| This sometimes reroutes the blood supply. | Collateral vessels
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| Slowly developing conclusions are less likely to cause tissue death. Cells of the___&____ undergo irreversible damage if deprived of their blood supply for how long? | Nervous system and myocardial muscle cells. 3 to 5 minutes
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| This is the localized area of ischemia necrosis within a tissue or organ. | Infarct
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| What is the infarct produced by | Occlusion a of either its arterial supply or its venous damage
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| What would be caused by a blood clot? | Thrombotic occlusion
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| What are caused by blood clots, plaque, masses of bacteria or cancer cells? | Embolus conclusions
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| What is twisting of the bowels called? | Volvulus
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| This is the rupture of a blood vessel. | Hemorrhage
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| This is the reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with a corresponding decrease in function. | Atrophy
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| This refers to an increase in size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to demand for increased function | Hypertrophy
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| This is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. | Hyperplasia
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| This is the abnormal development of tissue. | Dysphasia
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| This is any new and abnormal growth especially when the growth is uncontrolled and progressive. | Neoplasia
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| Give an example of neoplasia | Tumor cells may flourish because normal cells and tissues are competing for their metabolic needs
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| This is the malignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites | Metastasize
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| Most benign rumors closely resemble what? | The tissue of origin
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| Give some types of benign tissues. | Fibromas, chondromas, Adenoma, cystadenomas, lipomas, angiomas, polyp
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| Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called | Carcinomas
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| What do carcinomas affect? | Epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining body cavities
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| This refers to malignancies of glandular tissues | Adenocarcinoma
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| Give examples of adenocarcinoma | Breasts, liver, and pancreas, and of cells lining the gastrointestinal tract
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| Sometimes the tumor grows without form and is called | Undifferentiated or anaplastic
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| These are highly malignant rumors arising from connective tissues such as bone, muscle, and cartilage. | Sarcomas
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| These are less common than carcinomas but tend to spread more rapidly | Sarcomas
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| The major metastatic route of carcinomas, especially those of the lungs and breasts are spread how? | Lymphatic
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| What determines the most appropriate therapy for tumors? | Staging
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| These are disease that pass from one generation to the next through the genetic information contained in the nucleus of each cell? | Hereditary diseases
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| Hereditary diseases may or may not show at birth? | They do not occur at birth
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| What types of diseases are present at birth? | Congenital
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| This is characterized by impairment of cellular immunity that results in recurrent opportunistic infections. | AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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| AIDS is caused by infections with what and is known as what? | RNA(retroviruses); HIV(human immunodeficiency)
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| What is the most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver? | Hepatitis
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| What is the most common cause of hepatitis and what are the types? | Viral infections or reaction to drugs and toxins; A, B, C, and E
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| How is Hepatitis B contracted and who is the most common to get it? | Contracted through blood or blood products or through sexual contact; Healthcare workers are the most susceptible to the virus
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