1. Nature and Structure of Viruses
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Tobacco mosaic virus | show 🗑
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| show | first filterable animal virus
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| Yellow fever virus | show 🗑
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| show | discovered inclusion bodies of rabies virus
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| show | first demonstration of a solid tumor virus
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| Rous sarcoma virus | show 🗑
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| show | discovered by Twort and d'Herelle
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| A. Woodruff and E. Goodpasture | show 🗑
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| show | reported that nonneural tissue supports poliovirus replication in culture
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| show | invented the electron microscope
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| show | Tobacco mosaic virus
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| show | Foot-and-mouth disease
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| Walter Reed et al. | show 🗑
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| Protozoa, fungi, and bacteria - unicellular or multicellular | show 🗑
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| Protozoa, fungi, and bacteria possess the equipment for the production of ___ | show 🗑
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| Example of macromolecules | show 🗑
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| Viruses are dependen on ____ for functions | show 🗑
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| show | metabolically inert
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| > 300 nm diameter (Bacterial, RC, Viruses) | show 🗑
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| Obligate intracellular parasite (Bacterial, RC, Viruses) | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria
RC
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| Binary fission (Bacterial, RC, Viruses) | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria
RC
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| show | Bacteria
RC
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| ATP-generating metabolism (Bacterial, RC, Viruses) | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria
RC
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| Sensitive to interferon | show 🗑
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| Viruses are _____ particles | show 🗑
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| Viruses' genomes are elements of ____ | show 🗑
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| show | the cellular synthetic machinery for the production of progeny virions
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| Virus | show 🗑
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| Host range | show 🗑
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| show | broad or extremely limited
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| Structural unit | show 🗑
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| Capsomeres | show 🗑
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| Capsid | show 🗑
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| show | a lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some viruses
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| Nucleocapsid | show 🗑
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| Virion | show 🗑
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| show | Capsid and envelope proteins that mediate the attachment of viruses to specific host cell receptors
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| show | virion without nucleic acid (empty capsid)
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| Defective virus | show 🗑
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| show | in mixed infections with a helper virus
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| show | when related viruses infect the same cell, the genome of one virus may be enclosed in the heterologous capsid of the second virus
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| show | during viral replicaton, the capsid sometimes encloses host nucleic acid rather than viral nucleic acid
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| show | look like ordinary viruses particles when observed by electron microscope, but do not replicate
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| show | autonomous extra-chromosomal genetic element
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| Provirus | show 🗑
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| show | a parent cell to its daughter cell
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| show | nucleic acid
capsid
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| Capsid - enveloped or nonenveloped? | show 🗑
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| show | capsomeres
noncovalent bonds
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| show | one
reoviruses
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| Reoviruses have ____ capsids | show 🗑
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| show | icosahedron pattern
12 corners/vertices/20 equilateral triangular faces, and 30 edges
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| show | cubic symmetry
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| Capsomeres are ___ in herpesviruses and reoviruses | show 🗑
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| Capsomeres are hollow in ____ | show 🗑
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| show | Penton
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| show | Capsomeres located at the certices of icosahedral virions
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| Capsomes and nucleic acid molecules | show 🗑
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| show | b/c of the interaction b/t capsid protein and nucleic acid
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| Incomplete virions | show 🗑
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| show | into a coil
and enclosed within a lipoprotein envelope
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| show | some virus particles do not exhibit simple cubic or helical symmetry but are more complicated
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| show | brick-shaped with ridges on the external surface and a core and lateral bodies inside
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| Capsid function | show 🗑
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| Capsid encases and protects the viral nucleic acid from | show 🗑
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| show | susceptible cells
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| Some capsids contain enzymes | show 🗑
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| Capsids determine the antigenic characteristics of the virus | show 🗑
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| show | the nucelocapsid buds from cellular membranes (cytoplasmic membrane, nuclear membrane, or Golgi complex)
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| Budding occurs only at sites where _____ have been inserted into the host cell membrane | show 🗑
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| Envelope consists of | show 🗑
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| show | receptor binding
membrane fusion
matrix protein
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| show | glycoprotein peplomeres, observed as spikes in electron micrographs
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| show | fusion proteins
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| show | the host cell
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| show | peplomeres and are involved in viral entry into and release from cells
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| Matrix protein found | show 🗑
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| Matrix protein serves as _____ for ____at plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| Matrix protein provides ____ to the envelope | show 🗑
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| Lipid bilayer derived from | show 🗑
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| show | -maintained only in aqueous or moist environments
-disrupted by drying, acidic conditions, etc
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| show | disrupt the integrity of the envelope
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| Examples of solvents | show 🗑
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| show | sodium deoxycholate
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| Disruptions of the envelope result in ______ except in some poxviruses | show 🗑
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| Capsids and envelopes both have ______ | show 🗑
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| show | make up 50-70% of the virion
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| Examples of viral proteins | show 🗑
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| Several viruses contain enzymes at are encoded in the _____ | show 🗑
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| show | Polymerases
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| show | copies part of all of the genome of the virus, sometimes immediately upon entry into the host cell
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| show | -enzymes transcribing the viral genome into mRNAs
-enzymes involved in copying virion RNA and DNA
-enzymes that copy the nucleic acid genome
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| show | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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| show | DNA
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| show | RNA
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| DNA-dependent RNA polymerase: carried by DNA viruses such as ________ which replicate in the cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: carried by viruses with _____ | show 🗑
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| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: Host cells lack/have this enzyme | show 🗑
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| Enzymes involved in copying virion RNA into DNA | show 🗑
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| show | reverse transcriptase
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| show | hepadnaviruses
retroviruses
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| show | DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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| DNA-dependent DNA polymerase | show 🗑
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| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | show 🗑
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| show | encode the genetic info necessary for replication of the virus
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| All viral genomes are haploid/diploid | show 🗑
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| Genome may be ___________ | show 🗑
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| Monopartite | show 🗑
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| Multipartite | show 🗑
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| show | genome of all DNA viruses of vertebrates is monopartite
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| DNA genome are double/single stranded | show 🗑
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| show | single stranded or double stranded
monopartite or multipartite
positive sense RNA genome
negative sense RNA gemone
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| Positive-sense RNA genome | show 🗑
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| can function as mRNA in the infected cell | show 🗑
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| Since mRNA can be directly translated into polypeptides, it is designated ____ | show 🗑
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| show | DNA genome
RNA genome
Viral lipids
Viral glycoproteins
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| Negative -sense RNA | show 🗑
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| show | not infectious
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| show | found only in the envelope
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| Viral lipids are a typical bilayer with ____ and in some cases, other viral proteins, embedded in it | show 🗑
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| show | pH changes
bile salts
proteases
temperature
osmotic changes
sunlight
dessication
humidity
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| To maintain transmissibilty, and infection in a susceptible population, a virus must ___________ | show 🗑
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| Naked viruses survive well/ not well in the body and on the outside | show 🗑
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| show | Enveloped viruses
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| Viral surface proteins are denatured within a few mins at temperatures of _____, whicch make the viron incapable of normal cellular attachment, penetration, and/or uncoating | show 🗑
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| show | reversible or irreversible
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Created by:
DLS170