F331 OCR B salters chemistry key words
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Half life | time taken for the level of activity to drop to half its original value
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| Enthalpy change of combustion | enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is completely burned in oxygen
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| enthalpy change of formation | enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states
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| entropy | measure of disorder or the number of ways of arranging molecules / atoms
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| octane number | tendancy of a fuel to autoignite. The higher the number, the less likely
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| full structural formula | shows every atom and every bond in an organic molecule
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| shortened structural formula | shows groups of atoms around each carbon atom in an organic molecule
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| skeletal | shows the carbon skeleton only of an organic molecule
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| catalyst | speeds up a chemical reaction and can be recovered chemically unchanged. Provides an alternative pathway with a lower activation enthalpy
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| beta particle | an electron emitted from the nucleus
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| gamma radiation | electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus
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| linear | 2 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 180 degrees
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| trigonal planar | 3 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 120 degrees
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| tetrahedral | 4 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees
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| octahedral | 6 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 90 degrees
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| endothermic reaction | a reaction which takes in energy. Feels cold. Sign of dH is positive
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| alkane | a hydrocarbon. Contains only single bonds
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| alkene | a hydrocarbon. Contains carbon carbon double bonds
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| arene | a hydrocarbon. Contains a ring with alternating double and single bonds
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| alcohol | contains a hydroxyl group, an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen atom
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| ether | contains a n oxygen atom sandwiched between 2 carbon atoms
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| isomerisation | the catalysed rearrangement of straight chain alkanes into branched alkanes
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| reforming | the catalysed rearrangement of straight chain alkanes into ring compounds
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| cracking | the catalysed reaction of straight chain alkanes to form a shorter chain alkane and an alkene
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| alpha particle | a helium nucleus, 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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| isotope | atoms which have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
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| Avogadro's constant | the number of atoms / molecules in one mole of something
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| bent | 4 groups of electrons (2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs) which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees
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| pyramidal | 4 groups of electrons (3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair) which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees
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| trigonal bipyramidal | 5 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angles of 120 and 90 degrees
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| exothermic reaction | a reaction which gives out energy. Feels hot Sign of dH is negative
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| heterogeneous | in a different physical state
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