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F331 chem key words
F331 OCR B salters chemistry key words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Half life | time taken for the level of activity to drop to half its original value |
| Enthalpy change of combustion | enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is completely burned in oxygen |
| enthalpy change of formation | enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states |
| entropy | measure of disorder or the number of ways of arranging molecules / atoms |
| octane number | tendancy of a fuel to autoignite. The higher the number, the less likely |
| full structural formula | shows every atom and every bond in an organic molecule |
| shortened structural formula | shows groups of atoms around each carbon atom in an organic molecule |
| skeletal | shows the carbon skeleton only of an organic molecule |
| catalyst | speeds up a chemical reaction and can be recovered chemically unchanged. Provides an alternative pathway with a lower activation enthalpy |
| beta particle | an electron emitted from the nucleus |
| gamma radiation | electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus |
| linear | 2 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 180 degrees |
| trigonal planar | 3 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 120 degrees |
| tetrahedral | 4 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees |
| octahedral | 6 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 90 degrees |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction which takes in energy. Feels cold. Sign of dH is positive |
| alkane | a hydrocarbon. Contains only single bonds |
| alkene | a hydrocarbon. Contains carbon carbon double bonds |
| arene | a hydrocarbon. Contains a ring with alternating double and single bonds |
| alcohol | contains a hydroxyl group, an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen atom |
| ether | contains a n oxygen atom sandwiched between 2 carbon atoms |
| isomerisation | the catalysed rearrangement of straight chain alkanes into branched alkanes |
| reforming | the catalysed rearrangement of straight chain alkanes into ring compounds |
| cracking | the catalysed reaction of straight chain alkanes to form a shorter chain alkane and an alkene |
| alpha particle | a helium nucleus, 2 protons and 2 neutrons |
| isotope | atoms which have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons |
| Avogadro's constant | the number of atoms / molecules in one mole of something |
| bent | 4 groups of electrons (2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs) which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees |
| pyramidal | 4 groups of electrons (3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair) which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angle of 109 degrees |
| trigonal bipyramidal | 5 groups of electrons which repel to be as far away from each other as possible. Bond angles of 120 and 90 degrees |
| exothermic reaction | a reaction which gives out energy. Feels hot Sign of dH is negative |
| heterogeneous | in a different physical state |
Created by:
janice_mcc
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