Apologia Chemistry Module 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Valence electrons | The electrons that exist farthest from an atom's nucleus. They are generally the electrons with the highest energy level number.
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| Noble gases | The elements in 8A.
Their s and p orbitals in their highest energy level are full.
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| Octet rule | Most atoms strive to attain eight valence electrons. Hydrogen tries to get two.
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| For atoms in groups 1A-8A, the number of valence electrons equals ... | ... the number of the column in which the atom is located
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| Ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus has become electrically charged
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| In ionic compounds, nonmetals try to gain electrons so that their Lewis structure has _____ dots around it. | 8
(except for H)
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| In ionic compounds, metals try to lose electrons until their Lewis structure has _____ dots around it. | 0
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| Positive ions have the _________ name as the atom from which they came. | same
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| Negative ions have an ________ suffix added to the name of the atom from which they came. | "ide"
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| 1A | lose an electron
1+ charge
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| 2A | lose 2 electrons
2+ charge
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| 3A | all except boron become 3+
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| 4A | C and Si are non metals and become 4-
All others are special
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| 5A | nonmetals become 3-
don't worry about metals
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| 6A | nonmetals become 2-
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| 7A | become 1-
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| If the charges have the same numerical value, the subscript for each ion is ..... | 1, and can be ignored
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| If the charges have different numerical values ..... | drop the + and - signs, switch the numbers and use them as subscripts
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| Transition metals | groups 1B - 8B
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| Ionization | The process by which an atom turns into an ion by gaining or losing electrons
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| Ionization potential | The amount of energy needed in order to take an electron away from an atom.
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| In general, the ionization potential of atoms __________ from left to right and ________ from top to bottom of the period chart. | increases
decreases
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| Periodic property | A characteristic of atoms that varies regularly across the periodic chart
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| Electronegativity | A measure of how strongly an atom attracts extra electrons to itself.
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| In general, electronegativity _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom on the periodic chart. | increases
decreases
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| In general, atomic radius _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom of the periodic chart. | decreases
increases
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| Covalent bond | A shared pair of valence electrons that holds atoms together in covalent compounds
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| Atoms in covalent compounds _______ electrons in order to form molecules. | share
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| Atoms in ionic compounds ___________ electrons to form ions. | give or take
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| Double bond | A bond made of two shared electron pairs
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| Triple bond | A bond made of three shared electron pairs
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| In the periodic table, atoms that strongly hold their electrons, attract other electrons, and have a smaller radius are in the ... | upper right corner
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| In the periodic table, atoms that have a weak hold on their electrons, don't attract other electrons, and have a larger radius are in the ... | lower left corner
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
thomas.macri
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