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Chem Mod 08
Apologia Chemistry Module 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Valence electrons | The electrons that exist farthest from an atom's nucleus. They are generally the electrons with the highest energy level number. |
| Noble gases | The elements in 8A. Their s and p orbitals in their highest energy level are full. |
| Octet rule | Most atoms strive to attain eight valence electrons. Hydrogen tries to get two. |
| For atoms in groups 1A-8A, the number of valence electrons equals ... | ... the number of the column in which the atom is located |
| Ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus has become electrically charged |
| In ionic compounds, nonmetals try to gain electrons so that their Lewis structure has _____ dots around it. | 8 (except for H) |
| In ionic compounds, metals try to lose electrons until their Lewis structure has _____ dots around it. | 0 |
| Positive ions have the _________ name as the atom from which they came. | same |
| Negative ions have an ________ suffix added to the name of the atom from which they came. | "ide" |
| 1A | lose an electron 1+ charge |
| 2A | lose 2 electrons 2+ charge |
| 3A | all except boron become 3+ |
| 4A | C and Si are non metals and become 4- All others are special |
| 5A | nonmetals become 3- don't worry about metals |
| 6A | nonmetals become 2- |
| 7A | become 1- |
| If the charges have the same numerical value, the subscript for each ion is ..... | 1, and can be ignored |
| If the charges have different numerical values ..... | drop the + and - signs, switch the numbers and use them as subscripts |
| Transition metals | groups 1B - 8B |
| Ionization | The process by which an atom turns into an ion by gaining or losing electrons |
| Ionization potential | The amount of energy needed in order to take an electron away from an atom. |
| In general, the ionization potential of atoms __________ from left to right and ________ from top to bottom of the period chart. | increases decreases |
| Periodic property | A characteristic of atoms that varies regularly across the periodic chart |
| Electronegativity | A measure of how strongly an atom attracts extra electrons to itself. |
| In general, electronegativity _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom on the periodic chart. | increases decreases |
| In general, atomic radius _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom of the periodic chart. | decreases increases |
| Covalent bond | A shared pair of valence electrons that holds atoms together in covalent compounds |
| Atoms in covalent compounds _______ electrons in order to form molecules. | share |
| Atoms in ionic compounds ___________ electrons to form ions. | give or take |
| Double bond | A bond made of two shared electron pairs |
| Triple bond | A bond made of three shared electron pairs |
| In the periodic table, atoms that strongly hold their electrons, attract other electrons, and have a smaller radius are in the ... | upper right corner |
| In the periodic table, atoms that have a weak hold on their electrons, don't attract other electrons, and have a larger radius are in the ... | lower left corner |
Created by:
thomas.macri
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