Apologia Chemistry Module 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Atomic number | How many protons (and therefore electrons) are in an atom
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| Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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| Mass number | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom (e.g. ¹²C)
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| "Plum pudding" model of an atom | Positively charged "pudding" with electron "plums" scattered throughout
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| Planetary (Rutherford's) model of an atom | Protons in the center (nucleus) with electrons orbiting about
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| Physical constant | A measurable quantity in nature that does not change
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| Hertz (Hz) | 1/second
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| Particle/Wave Duality Theory | The theory that sometimes light sometimes behaves as a particle and sometimes behaves as a wave
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| Wavelength | The distance between the crests (or troughs) of a wave
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| Amplitude | A measure of the height of the crests or the depths of the troughs on a wave
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| Frequency formula | f = c/λ
where f = frequency (Hz)
c = the speed of light (m/s)
λ = wavelength (m)
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| Speed of light | 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s
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| Nano | 10⁻⁹
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| As a light wave's frequency increases, its energy ... | increases
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| Relationship between energy and frequency | E = h⋅f
where E = energy (Joules)
f = frequency
h = 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J/Hz (Planck's constant)
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| Quantum mechanical model | Electrons orbit the nucleus in clouds (orbitals). Each orbital can hold two electrons
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| s orbital | - spherical
- 1s, 2s, 3s, etc.
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| p orbital | - dumb-bell shaped
- 2p, 3p, etc.
- each energy level has 3 different p orbitals (x, y, z)
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| d orbital | - complex shape
- 3d, 4d, etc.
- 5 different d orbitals for each energy level
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| In the periodic table, the row tells you ... | ... what energy level the last electron is in
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| In the periodic table, the first two columns have their last electron ... | ... in an s orbital
(including He)
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| In the periodic table, the middle 10 columns have their last electron ... | ... in a d orbital
(energy level is ONE LESS than the row)
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| In the periodic table, the last 6 columns have their last electron ... | ... in a p orbital
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
thomas.macri
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