The Haloalkanes and their reactions and properties
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| show | They are not soluble in Water (as water prefers to make Hydrogen bonds with itself and not Dipole-Dipole with the Haloalkane). An organic Solvent is required (such as an Alcohol).
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| show | The BP will increase as there is a greater straight chain mass which allows for stronger VDW forces.
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| show | The Boiling point will decrease as the molecules are unable to compact together as much, which reduces the effect of the the VDW forces between molecules.
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| What happens to the Boiling point of the Haloalkanes going down the G7 of Halogens? | show 🗑
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| Which of the halogens is the most reactive in the Haloalkane context? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the reaction mechanism when a Haloalkane reacts with a Nucleophile? | show 🗑
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| What is a Nucleophile? | show 🗑
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| What is the first step of Nucleophilic substitution? | show 🗑
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| What is the second step of Nucleophilic Substitution? | show 🗑
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| What are three of the common Nucleophiles used for Nucleophilic Substitution? | show 🗑
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| show | They are very electron rich and have lone pairs of electrons which are able to be donated to delta positive atoms. They are very attracted to Positively (or slightly positively) charge atoms.
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| show | RCH-X + Nu- ---> RCH-Nu + X-
Haloalkane + Nucleophile ---> New Hydrocarbon alkane + Halide Ion.
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| What is formed when a Nucleophilic Substitution reaction happens between a Haloalkane and the Cyanide Ion? | show 🗑
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| show | An Alcohol will be formed.
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| What is formed when a Nucleophilic Substitution reaction happens between a Haloalkane and Ammonia? | show 🗑
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| show | A Base, as it is a Proton acceptor.
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| show | X- + Alkene + H2O.
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| What are two of the factors that can affect if a reaction will be Sn2 or E2? | show 🗑
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| Step 1 of E2: | show 🗑
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| Step 2 of E2 reaction: | show 🗑
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| Step 3 of E2 reaction: | show 🗑
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| show | Non-Primary Haloalkanes and Hot, Ethanolic OH solution favour Elimination.
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| show | Cold, Aqueous solution of OH ions and Primary Haloalkanes favour Substitution.
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| show | An unstable species with an unpaired valance electron, making it highly reactive.
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| What are the three stages of a Free Radical Substitution reaction? | show 🗑
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| What is the Free Radical Substitution an example of? | show 🗑
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| What happens during the Initiation stage? | show 🗑
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| show | The Chlorine radicals remove a Hydrogen Atom from the Hydrocarbon, forming HCl and a Hydrocarbon Free Radical, which is also highly reactive. The Hydrocarbon Radical then reacts with Chlorine to form a Chlorine Radical and a molecule of Haloalkane.
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| show | 1) Chlorine molecule formed from 2 Chlorine radicals.
2) A Haloalkane formed from A Chlorine Radical and a Hydrocarbon Radical.
3) Another Hydrocarbon formed from two Hydrocarbon radicals.
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