P&P final - nhti
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| list the steps that a patient must undergo in th radiation therapy process | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | radiation therapist, oncology nurse, dosimetrist, physician
🗑
|
||||
| state the 2 types of simulators in use and explain the difference | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | procedure of locating the tumor, documenting it with CT or radiograph, creating any immobilization aids you need, constructing any blocks/positioning aids, and taking measurements.
🗑
|
||||
| show | reproducability and accuracy
🗑
|
||||
| define CAX | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | intrafield distance
🗑
|
||||
| define PSA | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | parallel opposed ports, 2 fields 180 degrees apart
🗑
|
||||
| show | allows structures to be seen in CT (BB's and wire), shows up white in the beam
🗑
|
||||
| describe the patient separation measurements | show 🗑
|
||||
| list and describe the 3 specific target volumes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | left posterior oblique - gantry angle on left side of patient's back
🗑
|
||||
| define and describe LAO | show 🗑
|
||||
| define and describe RPO | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | right anterior oblique - gantry angle on right side of patient's front
🗑
|
||||
| define and describe the difference between SAD and SSD | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | optical distance indicator
🗑
|
||||
| show | source to diaphragm distance
🗑
|
||||
| define SFD | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | source to target/tray distance
🗑
|
||||
| define TT | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the 3 dimensions that tumor localization takes place in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | coronal (frontal, dorsal/ventral)
sagittal (right and left)
transverse (axial, upper and lower)
🗑
|
||||
| show | CT simulation - flat table, Beam's eye view, mimic linear accelerator
diagnostic CT - concave table, tells where tumor is located, helps diagnose, which tissue, density, and organs
🗑
|
||||
| show | where tumor is, densities, BEV, tells what organs laser will travel through
🗑
|
||||
| show | image technique used in planning of radiation treatment, view of exactly where te laser will encounter the body
🗑
|
||||
| define orthogonal fields | show 🗑
|
||||
| define contrast media and give examples | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | positive pathology
consent
prepare immobilization devices
prepare room
explanation
make sure flat table
simulate patient through apperature
🗑
|
||||
| summarize the conventional simulation procedure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show | positioning aids - provides reproducability, simple aids to assist patient with potion but not hold (head rest, knee sponge)
simple immobilization - restricts some movement but not all (velcro, tape)
🗑
|
||||
| immobilization cont. | show 🗑
|
||||
| describe the simulator controls | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cells that are built into the holder where the radiograph is, they recieve the amount of radiation they need, they shut off automatically
🗑
|
||||
| list several tips for producing high quality radiographic portals | show 🗑
|
||||
| state the most sensitive variable factor in the production of radiographs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | where radiograph is taken anatomically (area of interest), preliminaryfied size, fluoroscopy to fine tune field
🗑
|
||||
| list the patient setup information that is always in the chart | show 🗑
|
||||
| state the 2 ways that patient positioning can be performed | show 🗑
|
||||
| explain a patent contour | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the 3 types of patient contour | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | solder wire - plyable, cheap, stay away from open wounds, need pressure to mold
plaster strip - cheap, molds, could get into wounds, warm, sticks to hair
aquaplast - accurate, reusable, sticks to hair, takes a while to dry
🗑
|
||||
| list the 3 types of mechanical contours | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vrify that you are treating the right patient, right dose, right field - make sure everythign is right
🗑
|
||||
| state the benefits and limitations of CT simulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | prepare immobilization devices, bring up patient information, prepare gantry angle.
tell patient what's going on, how to set them up, lights low, leaving room, can see and hear, won't feel anything.
make sure whole body fits through aperture
🗑
|
||||
| show | treatment chart - remains in oncology dept., legal document, primary element of QA progra
medical records chart - patient's history
🗑
|
||||
| most important equipment | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the time periods in which the patient response to treatment is monitored and recorded | show 🗑
|
||||
| state how many methods of ID are used to confirm patient identity and give several examples | show 🗑
|
||||
| describe a record and verify system and explain its use | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the components of a daily treatment record | show 🗑
|
||||
| list all of the components of a prescription | show 🗑
|
||||
| explain the process should a correction need to be made in a chart | show 🗑
|
||||
| explain universal precautions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | get as close as possible, lock the wheels, get help, let patient do as much as possible, be parallel with treatment couch, use movin board, use your knees, 2 people lift, universal precautions (glove up)
🗑
|
||||
| list the different areas that serve as landmarks for localization | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | image taken to verify that the treatment is working and is treating the correct area
🗑
|
||||
| state the alternate term for a "field" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 fields 90 degrees apart
🗑
|
||||
| compare and contrast between a systemic error and a random setup error | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | must take a good image, time factors, poor image quality
🗑
|
||||
| compare and contrast semipermanent marks versus permanent marks when marking a patient | show 🗑
|
||||
| state the 2 techniques that can be used for beam shaping and the 2 shapes that an unblocked beam will appear as | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | treatment prescription - the fractionated dose prescribed to a patient
treatment plan - dose the patient will be receiving along with patient setup, immobilization aids and specific details
🗑
|
||||
| show | checks that the right patient is getting the right dose in the right area, mkes sure patient is aware of procedure, makes sure patient is feeling ok and what they need
🗑
|
||||
| define a gap and the terms hot spots and cold spots | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | beam modifiers - device that changes the shape of the treatment field or distribution of the radiation at depth
bolus - tissue equivalent material that brings beam anterior, evens outskin, increase skin dose
wedges - beam modifier, lessens beam dose
🗑
|
||||
| discuss the purpose and application of compensators | show 🗑
|
||||
| list and define several oncologic emergencies | show 🗑
|
||||
| SVC | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inflammation of lining of the heart, radiation induced, chest pain, cough, drugs
🗑
|
||||
| pericardial effusion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fluid accumulation in the pleura (between outsie of lung lining and chest cavity), dyspnea, surgery
🗑
|
||||
| show | bone tumor pressing on spine, metastasis to spine, RT, chemo, or surgery
🗑
|
||||
| show | dose enhancement caused by scatter from radiation going through lead cutouts
🗑
|
||||
| show | POP - parallel opposed portals - 180 degrees apart
4 field - AP, PA, right lateral, left lateral
wedge-pair - 2 beam with a wedge (head & neck)
conformal - several beams, multiple fields (prostate)
arc therapy - treatment as gantry moves (beam on), ra
🗑
|
||||
| show | stereotactic radiosurgery-fixing patient to table, treating with several angles, pencil thin line
TBI-total body irradiation, bone marrow transplant
IMRT-intensity modulated radiation therapy, high precision radiation therapy to conform to 3-D tumor vol
🗑
|
||||
| state the cancers that brachytherapy is currently used for | show 🗑
|
||||
| define the term brachytherapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the main advantage for the use of brachytherapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| define the radiobiology of brachtherapy with concern to the 4 R's | show 🗑
|
||||
| describe the use of brachytherapy as an adjuvant modality | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | keloid
pterygium
hyperthyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| show | radium-226
cesium-137
iridium-192
🗑
|
||||
| show | fibrosis
stenosis
atrophy
🗑
|
||||
| show | palladium-103
gold-198
iodine-125
🗑
|
||||
| define interstitial | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | within a cavity - cervix
🗑
|
||||
| define intraluminal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | within a vessel - coronary vessels, stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| define topical brachytherapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| summarize the reasons that source strength is useful in the field of brachytherapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the terms used for source strength | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | radium-226
🗑
|
||||
| define radioactive decay | show 🗑
|
||||
| define decay constant | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | .693/t(1/2) = decay constant
🗑
|
||||
| source activity formula | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | t(1/2) * 1.44
🗑
|
||||
| inverse square law formula | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1622 years (alpha)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 5.26 years (gamma)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 30 years (beta)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 74 days (beta)
🗑
|
||||
| half life of iodine-125 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | gold-198 - 2.8 days (beta)
🗑
|
||||
| half life of radon-222 | show 🗑
|
||||
| half life of copper-64 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 14.3 days (beta)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 8 days (beta)
🗑
|
||||
| half life od strontium-90 | show 🗑
|
||||
| average energy of 60Co | show 🗑
|
||||
| average energy of 226Ra | show 🗑
|
||||
| average energy of 137Cs | show 🗑
|
||||
| average energy of 192Ra | show 🗑
|
||||
| define mean life | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | radium substitute
high dose rate afterloader
uterine and cervix
30 year half life - long half life
662 KeV energy
temporary implant
🗑
|
||||
| show | radium substitute
74 day half life
seeds sewn on ribbon, threaded through patient
head, neck, breast
🗑
|
||||
| describe 60Co | show 🗑
|
||||
| describe 198Au | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 60.2 day half life
35.5 KeV energy
daughter product of Xenon gas
interstitial or ocular melanoma
🗑
|
||||
| describe radium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | low dose rate - up to 12Gy/hr dose rate, in patient, in hospital for a few days
high dose rate - any dose rate above 12 Gy/hr, preferable, after loader(cesium), out patient, can go home, (high dose, short time), less expoure to staff
🗑
|
||||
| show | out patient, can go home
high dose short time
less exposure to staff
patient gets a specific dose
🗑
|
||||
| describe an interstitial applicator and list its use | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | for surfaace lesions - to fit snugly on surface
molds, eye plaques
🗑
|
||||
| describe an intracavitary applicator and list its use | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | esophagus and trachea
seeds or implants placed in tubes
🗑
|
||||
| show | 192Ir high dose rate afterloader
radioactive source placed in bronchus
catheters placed n bronchus
🗑
|
||||
| state the 4 types of systems used for brachytherapy dosimetry | show 🗑
|
||||
| summarize radiation therapy and nursing procedures for brachytherapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| define hyperbaric therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| list the cases in which hyperbaric therapy has been used | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | patient is put in the pressurized tube, they breath in pure oxygen for 30 minutes to 2 hours
patient may feel tired, light headed
can get oxygen toxicity, can't go in if have lung issues
🗑
|
||||
| state the genetic material used for gene therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | replace missinf/altered genes
radiosensitizers - weaken cell, more susceptible
radioprotection - make body stronger
improve immune response - able to fight
suicide genes - genes that self destruct
prevent development of new blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| show | low level virus
mutate healthy cells into becoming cancerous
🗑
|
||||
| show | tag a gene onto a virus, viruses attaches to cell, cell gets let in (inject material, or get enveloped)
🗑
|
||||
| compare and contrast photons and protons | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | positive charge
Bragg peak - travel to certain depth, give off all energy, exit dose
pediatric, head and neck, ocular melanoma
🗑
|
||||
| describe how a proton is made | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | dynamic adaptive radiation therapy
🗑
|
||||
| Dart techniques | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | beam on/beam off, sensor on chest to account for patient breathing
🗑
|
||||
| describe IGRT | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | image guided brachytherapy
using image guiding while brachytherapy in patient via ultrasound
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Kayleeh18