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P&P final - nhti

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show diagnosis, therapeutic decisions (method of treatment), target volume localization Locate), fabrication of treatment aids, treatment planning, treatment, patient evaluation during treatment, patient follow up  
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show radiation therapist, oncology nurse, dosimetrist, physician  
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show conventional SIM - DRR (digitally reconstructed radiograph), 2-D, fluoroscopy, locate fields, locate target, shape the field CT - work station, spiral scan, 3-D, locate target, shape field and beams  
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show procedure of locating the tumor, documenting it with CT or radiograph, creating any immobilization aids you need, constructing any blocks/positioning aids, and taking measurements.  
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show reproducability and accuracy  
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show central axis  
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define IFD   show
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define PSA   show
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define POP   show
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define what a radiopaque marker is and describe its use   show
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show how thick the patient is, use IFD or calipers  
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list and describe the 3 specific target volumes   show
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show left posterior oblique - gantry angle on left side of patient's back  
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define and describe LAO   show
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show right posterior oblique - ganty angle on right side of patient's back  
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define and describe RAO   show
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define and describe the difference between SAD and SSD   show
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define ODI   show
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define SDD   show
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define SFD   show
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define STD   show
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define TT   show
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show anatomic body planes, CT imaging, conventional simulation and CT simulation  
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state the 3 major anatomic body planes   show
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summarize the difference between CT simulation and diagnostic CT   show
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show where tumor is, densities, BEV, tells what organs laser will travel through  
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show image technique used in planning of radiation treatment, view of exactly where te laser will encounter the body  
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define orthogonal fields   show
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define contrast media and give examples   show
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show positive pathology consent prepare immobilization devices prepare room explanation make sure flat table simulate patient through apperature  
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summarize the conventional simulation procedure   show
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show  
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show positioning aids - provides reproducability, simple aids to assist patient with potion but not hold (head rest, knee sponge) simple immobilization - restricts some movement but not all (velcro, tape)  
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immobilization cont.   show
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show radiographic components - fluoro & image intensifier (proof and setup) mechanical components - table, gantry, collimator optical components - lasers, ODI, field light  
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define photo timing   show
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show exposure techniques, phototiming cells, film processor,  
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state the most sensitive variable factor in the production of radiographs   show
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show where radiograph is taken anatomically (area of interest), preliminaryfied size, fluoroscopy to fine tune field  
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show all setup information, picture, SSD, isocenter, couch/gantry/collimator angle, immobilization devices, diagram, patient information, where tattoos are  
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show visual positioning - positioning the patient by sight radiographic positioning - using untrasound or xray to confirm patient position  
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explain a patent contour   show
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show transverse coronal sagittal  
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show solder wire - plyable, cheap, stay away from open wounds, need pressure to mold plaster strip - cheap, molds, could get into wounds, warm, sticks to hair aquaplast - accurate, reusable, sticks to hair, takes a while to dry  
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show aluminum pantograph CT (most accurate)  
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summarize treatment verification   show
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show benefits - beam orientation, outline of critical structures, delineate target volume and lymph nodes, boost fields, BEV limitations - aperture size, flat couch, block verification cannot be performed, lateral cutoff  
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describe room preparation, explanation of procedure to patient and patient positioning for a CT simulation   show
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show treatment chart - remains in oncology dept., legal document, primary element of QA progra medical records chart - patient's history  
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most important equipment   show
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list the time periods in which the patient response to treatment is monitored and recorded   show
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show 2 forms of ID - picture recognition, patient bracelet, DOB, area of treatment, license  
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show verifies patient information and treatment area/dose, makes sure the right patient is receiving the right dose to the right area  
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list the components of a daily treatment record   show
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show anatomic site, total dose, fractionation, treatment technique, beam energy, patient positon  
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show single line through incorrect information, wrie correct information, initial correction  
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show treat every patient as if they are carriers of bloodborne pathogens  
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show get as close as possible, lock the wheels, get help, let patient do as much as possible, be parallel with treatment couch, use movin board, use your knees, 2 people lift, universal precautions (glove up)  
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list the different areas that serve as landmarks for localization   show
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show image taken to verify that the treatment is working and is treating the correct area  
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show port  
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define orthogonal fields   show
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show systemic error - if not fixed, it would stay that way (clearlyff, setup incorrectly) radom setup error - if not changed, chances are they would go back and be ok  
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show must take a good image, time factors, poor image quality  
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show semipermanent - markers, paint, bleeds on skin, may be toxic, need to be re-touched permanent - tattoos, stay, can always tell where patient has been treated  
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state the 2 techniques that can be used for beam shaping and the 2 shapes that an unblocked beam will appear as   show
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show treatment prescription - the fractionated dose prescribed to a patient treatment plan - dose the patient will be receiving along with patient setup, immobilization aids and specific details  
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describe the role of the radiation therapist in treatment deliveryq   show
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show gap - distance between the borders of 2 adjacent fields hot spots - volumes of tissue that receive more radition than the prescribed dose cold spot - tissue volumes that receive less than the prescribed dose  
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discuss the purpose and application of beam modifiers, bolus, wedges   show
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discuss the purpose and application of compensators   show
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show unexpected complication, unexpected condition, life threatening superior vena cava syndrome pericarditis pericardial effusion malignant pleural effusions spinal cord compression  
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show superior vena cava syndrome - *best known*, lung tumor pressing on superior vena cava, lack of blood flow, blue lips, difficulty breathing, high dose radiation (no biopsy, just treat)  
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pericarditis   show
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show build up of fluid in pericardial space, from breast cancer, leukemia, dyspnea, shortness of breath, dyspnea, surgery or chemo  
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show fluid accumulation in the pleura (between outsie of lung lining and chest cavity), dyspnea, surgery  
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spinal cord compression   show
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describe electron contamination   show
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show POP - parallel opposed portals - 180 degrees apart 4 field - AP, PA, right lateral, left lateral wedge-pair - 2 beam with a wedge (head & neck) conformal - several beams, multiple fields (prostate) arc therapy - treatment as gantry moves (beam on), ra  
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show stereotactic radiosurgery-fixing patient to table, treating with several angles, pencil thin line TBI-total body irradiation, bone marrow transplant IMRT-intensity modulated radiation therapy, high precision radiation therapy to conform to 3-D tumor vol  
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show cervical, vaginal, endometrial, breast, prostate, some head and neck  
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show treatment from a short distance  
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show cosmetic and functional results, don't have as many side effects, large dose to tumorwith sharp dose fall off to surrounding structures  
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define the radiobiology of brachtherapy with concern to the 4 R's   show
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describe the use of brachytherapy as an adjuvant modality   show
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list 3 benign conditions that brachytherapy can be used for   show
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show radium-226 cesium-137 iridium-192  
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show fibrosis stenosis atrophy  
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most common prostate seeds used   show
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show within thetissue or tumor - breast, prostate  
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define intracavitary   show
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define intraluminal   show
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define intravascular   show
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show placing source on the area to be treated - eye, keloids  
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show need source strength for prescription, allows us to identify quantities, helps create the dose - stronger source, less time needed in the body  
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show curie, Becqueral 1 curie = 3.7x10^10 dps (disintegrations per second) 1Bq = 1dps  
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oldest radioactive source   show
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define radioactive decay   show
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show total number of atoms that decay per unit time  
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show .693/t(1/2) = decay constant  
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source activity formula   show
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mean life formula   show
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inverse square law formula   show
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show 1622 years (alpha)  
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show 5.26 years (gamma)  
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show 30 years (beta)  
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show 74 days (beta)  
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show 59 days (beta)  
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half life of Au-198   show
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half life of radon-222   show
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half life of copper-64   show
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show 14.3 days (beta)  
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show 8 days (beta)  
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half life od strontium-90   show
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show cobalt60 - 1.25MeV  
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average energy of 226Ra   show
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show cesium137 - 662KeV (.662MeV)  
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average energy of 192Ra   show
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show average lifetime for decay  
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describe 137Cs   show
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describe 192Ir   show
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describe 60Co   show
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show 2.8 day half life 412 KeV energy seeds - brain, prostate encapsulated in platinum permanent implant - leave it in  
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describe 125I   show
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show 1622 year half life 830KeV energy decays to radon gas then to lead (becomes more stable) pellets  
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describe and differentiate between low dose rate and high dose rate brachytherapy   show
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advantages to high dose rate brachytherapy   show
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describe an interstitial applicator and list its use   show
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describe an external applicator and list its use   show
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describe an intracavitary applicator and list its use   show
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show esophagus and trachea seeds or implants placed in tubes  
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describe an endobronchial applicator and list its use   show
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show Patterson-Parker system - Manchester system *most common* the Quimby/memorial system the Paris system computer calculations  
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show intracavitary implants - patient must hold still interstitial implants - painful (head and neck) swelling in that area unsealed I131 - no capsule, excreted through sweat, blood, feces, urine  
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show process of introducing oxygen to the body to help repair tissues damaged by radiation therapy  
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list the cases in which hyperbaric therapy has been used   show
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show patient is put in the pressurized tube, they breath in pure oxygen for 30 minutes to 2 hours patient may feel tired, light headed can get oxygen toxicity, can't go in if have lung issues  
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state the genetic material used for gene therapy   show
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list the 6 general ways in which gene therapy is used   show
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describe risks of gene therapy   show
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describe how a gene is introduced into a cell   show
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compare and contrast photons and protons   show
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state the physical property that makes a proton useful   show
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describe how a proton is made   show
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What is DART   show
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Dart techniques   show
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show beam on/beam off, sensor on chest to account for patient breathing  
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describe IGRT   show
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show image guided brachytherapy using image guiding while brachytherapy in patient via ultrasound  
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Created by: Kayleeh18