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P&P final - nhti

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Question
Answer
show diagnosis, therapeutic decisions (method of treatment), target volume localization Locate), fabrication of treatment aids, treatment planning, treatment, patient evaluation during treatment, patient follow up  
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show radiation therapist, oncology nurse, dosimetrist, physician  
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show conventional SIM - DRR (digitally reconstructed radiograph), 2-D, fluoroscopy, locate fields, locate target, shape the field CT - work station, spiral scan, 3-D, locate target, shape field and beams  
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define simulation   show
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state the key of successful simulation   show
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define CAX   show
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show intrafield distance  
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show patient support assembly  
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show parallel opposed ports, 2 fields 180 degrees apart  
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define what a radiopaque marker is and describe its use   show
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describe the patient separation measurements   show
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show GTV - gross tumor volume, tumor only CTV - clinical tumor volume, tumor plus subclinical disease PTV - planning tumor volume, CTV & GTV, accounts for patient movement  
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show left posterior oblique - gantry angle on left side of patient's back  
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show left anterior oblique - gantry angle on left side of patient's front  
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define and describe RPO   show
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define and describe RAO   show
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define and describe the difference between SAD and SSD   show
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define ODI   show
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define SDD   show
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define SFD   show
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show source to target/tray distance  
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define TT   show
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show anatomic body planes, CT imaging, conventional simulation and CT simulation  
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state the 3 major anatomic body planes   show
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summarize the difference between CT simulation and diagnostic CT   show
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show where tumor is, densities, BEV, tells what organs laser will travel through  
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show image technique used in planning of radiation treatment, view of exactly where te laser will encounter the body  
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define orthogonal fields   show
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show - a drug to make internal organs visible on CT - barium (GI, colon, rectum), iodinated contrast (vascular system, bladder) (postive shows up white) - positive agents - radiopaque, show up white - negative agents - radiolucent, shows up black (air)  
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show positive pathology consent prepare immobilization devices prepare room explanation make sure flat table simulate patient through apperature  
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summarize the conventional simulation procedure   show
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show  
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state the 3 categories of immobilization and summarize each   show
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immobilization cont.   show
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describe the simulator controls   show
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define photo timing   show
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list several tips for producing high quality radiographic portals   show
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show film processor  
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show where radiograph is taken anatomically (area of interest), preliminaryfied size, fluoroscopy to fine tune field  
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list the patient setup information that is always in the chart   show
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state the 2 ways that patient positioning can be performed   show
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show the outline of a patient's body  
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list the 3 types of patient contour   show
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show solder wire - plyable, cheap, stay away from open wounds, need pressure to mold plaster strip - cheap, molds, could get into wounds, warm, sticks to hair aquaplast - accurate, reusable, sticks to hair, takes a while to dry  
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list the 3 types of mechanical contours   show
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show vrify that you are treating the right patient, right dose, right field - make sure everythign is right  
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state the benefits and limitations of CT simulation   show
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describe room preparation, explanation of procedure to patient and patient positioning for a CT simulation   show
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show treatment chart - remains in oncology dept., legal document, primary element of QA progra medical records chart - patient's history  
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show chart  
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show throughout and following completion of treatment  
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show 2 forms of ID - picture recognition, patient bracelet, DOB, area of treatment, license  
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describe a record and verify system and explain its use   show
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show dose prescription, setup parameters, daily dose record  
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list all of the components of a prescription   show
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explain the process should a correction need to be made in a chart   show
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show treat every patient as if they are carriers of bloodborne pathogens  
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show get as close as possible, lock the wheels, get help, let patient do as much as possible, be parallel with treatment couch, use movin board, use your knees, 2 people lift, universal precautions (glove up)  
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list the different areas that serve as landmarks for localization   show
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define verification image and explain its use   show
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state the alternate term for a "field"   show
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define orthogonal fields   show
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show systemic error - if not fixed, it would stay that way (clearlyff, setup incorrectly) radom setup error - if not changed, chances are they would go back and be ok  
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show must take a good image, time factors, poor image quality  
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show semipermanent - markers, paint, bleeds on skin, may be toxic, need to be re-touched permanent - tattoos, stay, can always tell where patient has been treated  
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show MLC, cerrobend blocks square and rectangle  
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compare the treatment prescription with the treatment plan   show
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describe the role of the radiation therapist in treatment deliveryq   show
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define a gap and the terms hot spots and cold spots   show
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show beam modifiers - device that changes the shape of the treatment field or distribution of the radiation at depth bolus - tissue equivalent material that brings beam anterior, evens outskin, increase skin dose wedges - beam modifier, lessens beam dose  
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discuss the purpose and application of compensators   show
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show unexpected complication, unexpected condition, life threatening superior vena cava syndrome pericarditis pericardial effusion malignant pleural effusions spinal cord compression  
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SVC   show
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pericarditis   show
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pericardial effusion   show
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show fluid accumulation in the pleura (between outsie of lung lining and chest cavity), dyspnea, surgery  
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show bone tumor pressing on spine, metastasis to spine, RT, chemo, or surgery  
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describe electron contamination   show
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discuss the different field arrangements that can be constructed with discussion of new treatment modalities   show
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discuss the different field arrangements that can be constructed with discussion of new treatment modalities - cont.   show
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show cervical, vaginal, endometrial, breast, prostate, some head and neck  
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define the term brachytherapy   show
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show cosmetic and functional results, don't have as many side effects, large dose to tumorwith sharp dose fall off to surrounding structures  
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show repair and repopulation of healthy cells - not affected with brachytherapy redistribution - can still treat cells reoxygenation - shrink tumor, center becomes more oxygenated  
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show brachytherapy can shrink tumor before another form of treatment or give a boost of radiation to the tumor while not giving dose to surrounding tissue  
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show keloid pterygium hyperthyroidism  
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3 commonly used brachytherapy materials   show
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show fibrosis stenosis atrophy  
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most common prostate seeds used   show
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define interstitial   show
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show within a cavity - cervix  
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show within a tube - esophagus, uterus  
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show within a vessel - coronary vessels, stenosis  
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show placing source on the area to be treated - eye, keloids  
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summarize the reasons that source strength is useful in the field of brachytherapy   show
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show curie, Becqueral 1 curie = 3.7x10^10 dps (disintegrations per second) 1Bq = 1dps  
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oldest radioactive source   show
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define radioactive decay   show
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define decay constant   show
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decay constant formula   show
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show A = Ao e- (.693/t(1/2)*(T)  
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mean life formula   show
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inverse square law formula   show
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show 1622 years (alpha)  
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show 5.26 years (gamma)  
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show 30 years (beta)  
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half life of iridium-192   show
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show 59 days (beta)  
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show gold-198 - 2.8 days (beta)  
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show 3.8 days (beta)  
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half life of copper-64   show
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half life of phosphorus-32   show
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half life of iodine-131   show
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show 28 years (beta)  
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average energy of 60Co   show
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average energy of 226Ra   show
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show cesium137 - 662KeV (.662MeV)  
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average energy of 192Ra   show
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define mean life   show
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show radium substitute high dose rate afterloader uterine and cervix 30 year half life - long half life 662 KeV energy temporary implant  
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describe 192Ir   show
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show 5.26 year half life energy 1.25MeV external treatment ocular melanoma - plaque on eye  
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describe 198Au   show
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describe 125I   show
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show 1622 year half life 830KeV energy decays to radon gas then to lead (becomes more stable) pellets  
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show low dose rate - up to 12Gy/hr dose rate, in patient, in hospital for a few days high dose rate - any dose rate above 12 Gy/hr, preferable, after loader(cesium), out patient, can go home, (high dose, short time), less expoure to staff  
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show out patient, can go home high dose short time less exposure to staff patient gets a specific dose  
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describe an interstitial applicator and list its use   show
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describe an external applicator and list its use   show
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show insertion of radiioactive source into body cavity sparing dose to adjacent sensitive structures rectum, bladder tandems and ovoids  
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describe an intraluminal applicator and list its use   show
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show 192Ir high dose rate afterloader radioactive source placed in bronchus catheters placed n bronchus  
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show Patterson-Parker system - Manchester system *most common* the Quimby/memorial system the Paris system computer calculations  
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summarize radiation therapy and nursing procedures for brachytherapy   show
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show process of introducing oxygen to the body to help repair tissues damaged by radiation therapy  
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list the cases in which hyperbaric therapy has been used   show
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describe how the patient is treated using a hyperbaric machine   show
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show DNA or RNA  
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show replace missinf/altered genes radiosensitizers - weaken cell, more susceptible radioprotection - make body stronger improve immune response - able to fight suicide genes - genes that self destruct prevent development of new blood vessels  
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show low level virus mutate healthy cells into becoming cancerous  
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describe how a gene is introduced into a cell   show
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compare and contrast photons and protons   show
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show positive charge Bragg peak - travel to certain depth, give off all energy, exit dose pediatric, head and neck, ocular melanoma  
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describe how a proton is made   show
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show dynamic adaptive radiation therapy  
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show respiratory gating IGRT IGBT  
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describe respiratory gating   show
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describe IGRT   show
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show image guided brachytherapy using image guiding while brachytherapy in patient via ultrasound  
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Created by: Kayleeh18