Urinary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| urinary system consist of what | show 🗑
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| show | excretory system
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| nephro | show 🗑
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| show | kidney
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| suprarenal or adrenal glands have no functional relationship to urinary system, but they secrete __________ and __________ | show 🗑
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| what are the functions of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | -4.5" long
-2 to 3" wide
-1.25" thick
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| show | left
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| where are the kidneys located | show 🗑
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| how much movement of the kidneys is there on inhaltion, and when moving from supine to upright position | show 🗑
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| renal capsule | show 🗑
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| adipose capsule | show 🗑
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| show | attaches the kidneys to the diaphragm and peritoneum
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| show | outer layer of renal tissue
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| renal medulla | show 🗑
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| show | extensions of cortex between renal pyramids
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| nephron | show 🗑
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| what does the nephron consist of | show 🗑
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| what does the renal corpuscle consist of | show 🗑
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| show | vessel entering capsule
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| efferent arteriole | show 🗑
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| show | branches of the afferent arterioles, form networks around renal tubules, responsible for reabsorption
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| glomerulus | show 🗑
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| renal tubule | show 🗑
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| show | -proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule(opens up into the collecting ducts)>reflexively releases renin
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| what are the processes involved in the secretion of urine in the nephron | show 🗑
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| show | water and solutes are filtered from the blood plasma in glomerulus, and moved across glomerular capsule membrane into filtering space of capsule
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| show | water is reabsorbed into blood via peritubular capilaries
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| vasopressin | show 🗑
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| selective reabsorption | show 🗑
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| show | all solutes not required by the body are secreted in to tubules. urea, creatinine and other toxins are excreted in this manner
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| show | final product of protein metabolism; it is the chief nitrogenous constitute of urine
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| creatinine | show 🗑
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| what are normal lab values for BUN and creatinine | show 🗑
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| show | -enzyme secreted in renal tubule(distal convuluted tubule) reflexively to control blood pressure(when BP spikes less renin is made and when it drops more is made)
-renin also causes blood to generate a chemical called angiotensin
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| show | -causes the blood compartment to constrict therefore raising blood pressure
-dispatches a separate message to the adrenal gland to release a cortical hormone that circulates to the tubules to absorb more salt and water from urine and ease BP
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| diseases of the ______ can adversely influence blood pressure, and blood pressure may alter _______ function | show 🗑
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| show | -converge to form a central tubule within the pyramid
-opens at renal papilla(nipple like end of renal pyramid)
-drains into minor calyces
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| show | cup shaped stems that enclose one or more papilla(usually fewer calyces than pyramids)
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| show | major calyces
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| show | -renal pelvis
-hilum
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| hilum | show 🗑
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| show | central cavity; fat filled space surrounding renal pelvis and calyces; continuation of hilum
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| show | ureter
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| show | -10 to 12" long
-musculomembraneous tube that passes from kidney to urinary bladder
-moves urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder through peristalsis
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| where do ureters enter bladder | show 🗑
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| show | -musculomembranous sac
-serves as a reservoir for urine(adult bladder can hold up 500 ml of urine)
-apex is anterosuperior aspect
-neck is lowest part
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| where is urinary bladder located | show 🗑
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| trigone | show 🗑
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| show | -musculomembranous tube that carries urine out of body
-1.5" long in females
-7 to 8" long in males
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| show | -small glandular body surrounding the proximal part of the male urethra(actually part of reproductive system)
-located posterior to inferior portion of symphysis
-attaches to inferior surface of bladder
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| show | secretes milky white fluid, which makes up part of semen, that is enters urethra through ducts
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| show | -blockage at base of bladder that reduces flow of urine into urethra
-there can be many causes of BNO
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| show | -benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)or enlarged prostate
-bladder calculi(stones)
-urethral stricture(scar tissue)
-bladder tumors
-pelvic tumors(cervix,prostate, uterus, rectal)
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| what are symptoms of BPH | show 🗑
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| transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)or adenomectomy or prostectomy | show 🗑
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| renal agenesis | show 🗑
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| show | kidney does not ascend as it should in childhood development(not harmful, but can develop complications)
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| hypospadias | show 🗑
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| show | a rare type of malformation of the penis in which the urethra ends in an opening on the upper aspect of the penis
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| oliguria and anuria | show 🗑
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| show | lack of ability to urinate
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| show | term used to loosely describe the illness accompanying kidney failure
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| staghorn calculus or struvite | show 🗑
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| nephroptosis or floating kidney or renal ptosis | show 🗑
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| show | urination
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| show | 1 to 2 liters
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| vesicoureteral reflux | show 🗑
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| why are contrast studies done | show 🗑
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| show | -antegrade(with flow)
-retrograde(against flow)
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| urography | show 🗑
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| show | dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction
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| antegrade urography | show 🗑
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| show | contrast is administered through percutaneous puncture of the renal pelvis
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| show | excretory technique; most commonly done; demonstrates function and structure of entire urinary system
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| show | demonstration of renal pelvis and calyces
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| show | looking at different slices of kidney
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| show | looking at kidneys and urinary system together
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| retrograde urography | show 🗑
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| what kind of contrast is used for contrast studies of the urinary system on pt with risk factors for reaction | show 🗑
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| show | -sensation of warmth
-metallic taste
-sneezing
-flushing
-a few hives
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| show | -nausea
-vomiting
-itching
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| show | anaphylactic shock
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| show | 5 min
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| what emergency equipment should be present when administering contrast | show 🗑
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| what information must we gather from pt before giving contrast | show 🗑
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| show | -intestinal tract free of gas or fecal matter
-when possible, low residue(fiber)diet for 1 to 2 days
-non gas forming laxative 1 day prior when indicated
-NPO after midnight day of exam
-well hydrated(esp. pt's with diabetes, mult. myeloma or ^ uric a
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| show | drink 4 to 5 cups several hours before exam
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| show | none
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| equipment needed for urinary studies | show 🗑
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| what soft tissues must be defined | show 🗑
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| show | -no
-control of motion is controlled by exposure time and pt cooperation
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| when would we use ureteral compression | show 🗑
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| what can be done to simulate effect of compression | show 🗑
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| show | -urinary stones
-abdominal mass
-aortic aneurysm
-colostomy
-suprapubic catheter
-traumatic injufy
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| show | exhalation unless specified otherwise
(image should be marked if done other than exhalation)
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| what is the purpose of our scout film | show 🗑
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| show | -voiding
-non voiding
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| show | -eval abdominal mass, renal cysts, and tumors
-urolithasis
-pyelonephritis
-hydronephrosis
-trauma
-preop eval
-renal hypertension
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| show | poor renal function or allergy to contrast
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| which risk factors may be overcome by use of non ionic iodinated contrast | show 🗑
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| should pt empty bladder prior to IVU | show 🗑
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| show | -to check for small tumor masses or enlarged prostate
-demonstrates retention of contrast/urine in the bladder
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| show | in cases of hydronephrosis
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| in an oblique position the kidney closest to IR is ________ and kidney furthest away is ________ | show 🗑
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| where is your central ray for oblique | show 🗑
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| AP axial bladder is performed how | show 🗑
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| PA axial bladder is performed how | show 🗑
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| AP oblique bladder | show 🗑
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| show | -tomo done immediately after contrast is given
-demonstrates nephrons and collecting ducts
-images labeled 1,2,3 minute
-indications are renal hypertension and renal cysts and tumors
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| show | retrograde urography
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| indications for cystography | show 🗑
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| show | -looking at prostate through cystography
-angle 10-15 degrees cephalically
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| female cystourography(VCUG) | show 🗑
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| show | stones of the urinary tract or kidneys
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| show | infection of the upper urinary tract
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| Neurogenic badder | show 🗑
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Created by:
bigad1982
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