Section 1,3,4- 2012
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Rutherford | - Developed the Atom model with a nucleus with thre protons, three neutrons and has electrons randomly circling it.
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| Dalton | - Developed the Atom model with a solid nucleus
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| Bohr | - Developed the Atom model with a nucleus with three protons, three neutrons, with electrons orbiting it.
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| Thompson | - Developed the Atom model with a field of protons, with electrons scattered through it.
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| Nucleus | - the very small center core of an atom.
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| Proton | - the particle of an atom with a positive charge
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| Neutron | - Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932, it is the neutrally charged particle of an atom.
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| electron | - the particle of an atom that moves rapidly in the space outside the nucleus. It is negatively charged.
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| atomic number | - the number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| isotopes | - an atom with the same number of Protons as the atomic number but different number of Neutrons
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| mass number | - the total number of protons and neiutrons in a nucleus
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| energy level | - the fixed amount of energy that an atom can have.
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| Physical Properties of metals | - shininess, malleability, ductility, and Conductivity. - malleable means it can be hammared or pressed into other shapes - Ductility means it can be drawn out into a thin wire - Conductivity means the metal can transfer the heat of electricity.
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| Chemical Properties of metals | - The two chemical properties are reactivity and Corrosion. - reactivity is how fast it combines or reacts with another element.
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| Alkali metals | - These metals react with each other by losing one electron. - They are so reactive, they are never found uncombined (in componds) - the two most important are sodium and potassium.
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| Alkaline Earth metals | - React by losing two electrons - fairly hard - grey/white - good conductors of electricity - never found uncombined in nature - the two most important are magnesium and Calcium - this is group 2
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| Transition metals | - groups 3-12 - Hard, shiny - These make colorful compounds - good conductors of electrictiy - less reactive than groups 1,2 -Ex. Copper, iron, gold, silver
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| Lanthanides | - Soft, shiny, malleable, high conductivity - Mix with common metals to make alloys
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| Actinides | - Only Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium are found on earth - The other elemetns are created but their nuclei only last a fraction of a second before they burst into smaller nuclei.
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| Synthetic elements | - Synthetic elementes are created by smashing nuclear parts. -Synthetic elements have an atomic number above 92 - To make elements with atomic numbers above 95 particle accelorators are used that smash elements to form one nuclei. This is synthesizing.
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| Alloys | - A mixture of a metal and another element, usually another metal
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| Physical properties of Nonmetals | - Nonmetals are dull, shiny, and brittle.
- They are not malleable or Ductile. - They are poor conductors of electricity.
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| Chemical Properties of Nonmetals | - Most nonmetals are reactive, so they easily form compounds - nonmetals gain electrons when they react. - They can group together to form molecules.
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| The Carbon family (nonmetals) | - reacts with four electrons - This is found in all living things -
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| The Nitrogen Family (nonmetals) | - Group 15 - usually react with three electrons - Diatomic form, meaning it has two atoms - Phosphorus and nitrogen
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| The Oxygen family (nonmetals) | - usually react with two electrons - Diatomic molecule - reacts with almost everything. - sometimes forms a triatomic molecule that makes Ozone.
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| The Halogen family | - group 17 - means salt forming - usually reacts with one electron. - very reactive and dangerous - Chlorine kills bacteria in water suply Fluorine helps prevent tooth decay.
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| The Nobel gases | - group 18 - Nobel gases don't react with anything becsaue their octet of electrons is full. - This exsists in the earth's atmosphere in small amounts.
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| Hydrogen | - Each hydrogen atom has one electron and one proton. - some have neutrons - rarely found on Earth - pure element
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| The metalloids | - Seven metalloids - yellow on the periodic table - brittle, hard, semiconductors. - conduct electricity under certain conditions. - most common is Silicon.
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| Alpha decay | - two protons, two neutrons - the release of an alpha particle decreases the atomic number by two, and the mass by four
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| Beta decay | - A beta particle is a fast moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay
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| Gamma radiation | - Gamma radiation consists of high energy waves and has no charge. - does not change anything.
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