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exam 3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
parallax   show
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parsecs   show
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show depends on (1) Intrinsic brightness. (2) Distance VS. other removes those factors and assumes all stars are at a uniform distance of 10 parsec.  
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show distance = 1/p or p= 1/distance  
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Atomic Structure   show
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show atoms with different #'s of protons  
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show same element,different # of electrons  
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Isotopes   show
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show Temperature using Wien's Law Energy Flux using Stefan-Boltzman Law Luminosity- total energy emitted Radius- physical size mass using Kepler's 3rd law chemical composition from stellar spectra  
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show (1)Continuum Spectrum. (2)Emission Spectrum. (3)Absorption Spectrum.  
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show Black Body Radiation. The radiation emitted by a heated object. Examples: light bulb, hot coals, ice cubes. Starlight can be approximated as a black body.  
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Emission   show
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show Continuum source viewed through an emission source. Electrons absorb specific wavelengths to raise up to a higher energy level. OPPOSITE OF EMISSION  
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show original classes A-Q were merged and re-ordered to current 7 class: (hottest)O B A F G K M (coolest)  
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show temp-40000K Balmer-weak other lines- Ionized He mass-40 lifetime on MS- 1Myr  
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B   show
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show temp-10000K Balmer-strong Other lines-Ca Weak Mass-3.5 Lifetime on MS-440 Myr  
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show temp-7500K Balmer-Medium Other lines-Ca weak Mass-1.7 Lifetime on MS-3Gyr  
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G   show
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K   show
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show temp-3000K Balmer-very weak Other lines-TiO strong Mass-.5 Lifetime on MS-56 Gyr  
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Visual Binaries   show
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show evidence for two stars in the spectrum  
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Eclipsing Binaries   show
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show companion not observed, but star wobbles from its gravity  
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show stars burning H into He in their cores position on H-R diagram- declining squiggly line  
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show stars that have exhausted their core H, and burn larger elements position on H-R Diagram-above line (upper right)  
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types of stars- White dwarfs   show
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H-R diagram possible axis   show
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Luminosity Classes   show
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show Width of lines indicate density. Higer density, more collisions in gas, broad lines. Low density, less collisions, narrow lines. Blue – Bright Supergiant, low density Red – Giant, broader lines, higher density Black – Main Sequence, very broad lines  
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show larger the mass the more luminous it is.  
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hydrostatic Equilibrium   show
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4 fundamental forces-Gravitional   show
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4 fundamental forces-Electromagnetic   show
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show cause of B-decay (beta?), radioactivity,small scale 10^-18 m  
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show holds nuclei together, small scale 10^-15  
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show The Proton-Proton Chain 1H + 1H -> 2H + e+ + n 2H + 1H -> 3He + g These both occur twice, then 3He + 3He -> 4He +1H + 1H Energy is released in 3 Forms: e+ is a positron v is a neutrino (swirl thing) is a Gamma Ray -> carries of the energy from fus  
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anitmatter & annihilation   show
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Sun- Radiative & Convective Zones   show
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show the visible surface, only 500km thick (spectrum>) Lower ____________- Dense enough to emit light, not so dense that light cannot escape Continuum Upper_________- even thinner gas, where some photons are absorbed Absorption  
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Sun-Chromoshpere   show
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show the sun's crown. A 3 component spectrum: Absorption–reflection of Sun’s spectrum from dust in corona. Continuum–Lacking absorption lines due to high temps, many collision, and Doppler shifts smearing out the lines. Emission–Line from highly ionized gases  
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solar wind   show
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sun-corona   show
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graules   show
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show over 2x earth size caused by large convection currents  
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show dark streaks are large arcs of flame reaching up from surface. just prominences from a different point of view  
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spicules   show
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show a cooler,transitory region on the solar surface produced when loops of magnetic flux break through the surface of the sun. go through an 11 year cycle because of magnetic polarity of the sun.  
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show violent explosions, occur in minutes. 10^9 MT (Megatons of TNT) 3 CLASSES--- C- little effect on earth M-Brief radio blackouts at poles X-global blackouts and intense radiation storms  
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Coronal mass Ejections   show
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show Origin of the Magnetic Field of the Sun (and Earth)CONDUCTING MATERIAL, RAPID ROTATION, CONVECTION. occurs at the bottom of the convective layer  
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show having a magnetic field allows it to carry through the spectra and transitions through the energy levels  
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show the top of the sun spins slower than the equator. the day at the north pole is 35 days and at the equator it is 25 days  
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babcock model   show
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show the energy producing center. the hottest layer  
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show lifetime, (weird curly T, Tau)= fuel/rate of consumption. More Massive stars lead shorter lives: More gravity, so they must burn fuel faster to maintain balance  
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show tau= M/L = M/M^3.5 = 1/M^2.5 tau= M^-2.5 (10^10 yr)  
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stages of Evolution- Main Sequence   show
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stages of Evolution-Red Giant Branch   show
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stages of Evolution-Horizontal Branch   show
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stages of Evolution-Asymptotic Red Giant Branch   show
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stages of evolution- Planetary Nebula   show
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show C/O core continues to contact. Gravitational Potential Energy becomes Thermal Energy. Matter becomes degenerate again.  
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triple alpha process   show
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Electron degeneracy pressure   show
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Chandrasekhar Mass Limit   show
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show groups of stars, formed from same cloud (composition), at the same time (age), at the same distance, but different masses  
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show 10-1000 stars. 25 parsecs in size. plane of galaxy. Mostly young stars. loosely bound gravitationally, will eventually be pulled apart  
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globular clusters   show
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Classical Nova   show
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Type Ia Supernova Explosions   show
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CNO Cycle   show
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show Period= 5.37 days. Apparent magnitude varies from 3.6 to 4.3. Spectral class goes from F5 to G3  
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Period- Luminosity Relationship   show
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Mass star evolution- Onion Layer Core   show
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show After Si burning, we have an inert Fe core. We cannot gain energy from Fe fusion. No new round of core burning can take place, so GRAVITY begins to collapse the core.  
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Neutron Degeneracy Pressure   show
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show explosions have no H lines and are further classified by Si and He lines. Ia- Si and He Ib- no Si,He Ic no Si, no He  
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show explosions have H lines  
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Specifics- Type II and Ib, Ic   show
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Specifics- Type Ia   show
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Core collapse VS Type Ia   show
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show Mass-1.4 to 3 solar masses radius- 10 km Density- 10^14 g/cm^3 sugar cube would weigh 100,000,000 tons very small size and spin very fast, STRONG magnetic field (10^12 G)  
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Binary Neutron Stars   show
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X-ray Binary   show
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X-ray Bursters   show
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Neutron Star Structure   show
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show laws of Physics are the same in all INERTIAL reference frames (an inertial reference frame is one that moves at a constant velocity NOT accelerating relative to the observer's rest frame)  
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show the speed of light is CONSTANT and independent of source's speed  
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show moving objects are shorter.  
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Special Relativity- Time Dilation   show
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General Relativity   show
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Equivalence Principle   show
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show Rs= 2GM/c^2 Schwarzchild solved Einstein's equations to describe the gravity around a singularity. Rs defines the EVENT HORIZON  
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show All mass collapses to a single point. No volume implies INFINITE density. What we know about the Four Fundamental Forces, what we know about PHYSICS, breaks down inside a black hole. Get to close, and you will become human spaghetti due to tidal forces  
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show Neutron Star that formed to start explosion, collapses when degeneracy fails. Black Hole formation releases powerful jets of energy. Jets detected before light signal of explosion  
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E=mc^2   show
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Energy=Luminosity x time   show
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show L=M^3.5  
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luminosity   show
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temperature ranking   show
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reconnection   show
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