exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
parallax | show 🗑
|
||||
parsecs | show 🗑
|
||||
show | depends on (1) Intrinsic brightness. (2) Distance VS. other removes those factors and assumes all stars are at a uniform distance of 10 parsec.
🗑
|
||||
show | distance = 1/p or p= 1/distance
🗑
|
||||
Atomic Structure | show 🗑
|
||||
show | atoms with different #'s of protons
🗑
|
||||
show | same element,different # of electrons
🗑
|
||||
Isotopes | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Temperature using Wien's Law
Energy Flux using Stefan-Boltzman Law
Luminosity- total energy emitted
Radius- physical size
mass using Kepler's 3rd law
chemical composition from stellar spectra
🗑
|
||||
show | (1)Continuum Spectrum. (2)Emission Spectrum. (3)Absorption Spectrum.
🗑
|
||||
show | Black Body Radiation. The radiation emitted by a heated object. Examples: light bulb, hot coals, ice cubes. Starlight can be approximated as a black body.
🗑
|
||||
Emission | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Continuum source viewed through an emission source. Electrons absorb specific wavelengths to raise up to a higher energy level.
OPPOSITE OF EMISSION
🗑
|
||||
show | original classes A-Q were merged and re-ordered to current 7 class: (hottest)O B A F G K M (coolest)
🗑
|
||||
show | temp-40000K Balmer-weak other lines- Ionized He
mass-40 lifetime on MS- 1Myr
🗑
|
||||
B | show 🗑
|
||||
show | temp-10000K Balmer-strong Other lines-Ca Weak
Mass-3.5 Lifetime on MS-440 Myr
🗑
|
||||
show | temp-7500K Balmer-Medium Other lines-Ca weak
Mass-1.7 Lifetime on MS-3Gyr
🗑
|
||||
G | show 🗑
|
||||
K | show 🗑
|
||||
show | temp-3000K Balmer-very weak Other lines-TiO strong Mass-.5 Lifetime on MS-56 Gyr
🗑
|
||||
Visual Binaries | show 🗑
|
||||
show | evidence for two stars in the spectrum
🗑
|
||||
Eclipsing Binaries | show 🗑
|
||||
show | companion not observed, but star wobbles from its gravity
🗑
|
||||
show | stars burning H into He in their cores
position on H-R diagram- declining squiggly line
🗑
|
||||
show | stars that have exhausted their core H, and burn larger elements
position on H-R Diagram-above line (upper right)
🗑
|
||||
types of stars- White dwarfs | show 🗑
|
||||
H-R diagram possible axis | show 🗑
|
||||
Luminosity Classes | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Width of lines indicate density. Higer density, more collisions in gas, broad lines. Low density, less collisions, narrow lines. Blue – Bright Supergiant, low density
Red – Giant, broader lines, higher density
Black – Main Sequence, very broad lines
🗑
|
||||
show | larger the mass the more luminous it is.
🗑
|
||||
hydrostatic Equilibrium | show 🗑
|
||||
4 fundamental forces-Gravitional | show 🗑
|
||||
4 fundamental forces-Electromagnetic | show 🗑
|
||||
show | cause of B-decay (beta?), radioactivity,small scale 10^-18 m
🗑
|
||||
show | holds nuclei together, small scale 10^-15
🗑
|
||||
show | The Proton-Proton Chain
1H + 1H -> 2H + e+ + n
2H + 1H -> 3He + g
These both occur twice, then
3He + 3He -> 4He +1H + 1H
Energy is released in 3 Forms:
e+ is a positron
v is a neutrino
(swirl thing) is a Gamma Ray -> carries of the energy from fus
🗑
|
||||
anitmatter & annihilation | show 🗑
|
||||
Sun- Radiative & Convective Zones | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the visible surface, only 500km thick
(spectrum>)
Lower ____________- Dense enough to emit light, not so dense that light cannot escape
Continuum
Upper_________- even thinner gas, where some photons are absorbed
Absorption
🗑
|
||||
Sun-Chromoshpere | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the sun's crown. A 3 component spectrum:
Absorption–reflection of Sun’s spectrum from dust in corona. Continuum–Lacking absorption lines due to high temps, many collision, and Doppler shifts smearing out the lines. Emission–Line from highly ionized gases
🗑
|
||||
solar wind | show 🗑
|
||||
sun-corona | show 🗑
|
||||
graules | show 🗑
|
||||
show | over 2x earth size
caused by large convection currents
🗑
|
||||
show | dark streaks are large arcs of flame reaching up from surface. just prominences from a different point of view
🗑
|
||||
spicules | show 🗑
|
||||
show | a cooler,transitory region on the solar surface produced when loops of magnetic flux break through the surface of the sun. go through an 11 year cycle because of magnetic polarity of the sun.
🗑
|
||||
show | violent explosions, occur in minutes. 10^9 MT (Megatons of TNT) 3 CLASSES--- C- little effect on earth M-Brief radio blackouts at poles X-global blackouts and intense radiation storms
🗑
|
||||
Coronal mass Ejections | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Origin of the Magnetic Field of the Sun (and Earth)CONDUCTING MATERIAL, RAPID ROTATION, CONVECTION. occurs at the bottom of the convective layer
🗑
|
||||
show | having a magnetic field allows it to carry through the spectra and transitions through the energy levels
🗑
|
||||
show | the top of the sun spins slower than the equator. the day at the north pole is 35 days and at the equator it is 25 days
🗑
|
||||
babcock model | show 🗑
|
||||
show | the energy producing center. the hottest layer
🗑
|
||||
show | lifetime, (weird curly T, Tau)= fuel/rate of consumption. More Massive stars lead shorter lives: More gravity, so they must burn fuel faster to maintain balance
🗑
|
||||
show | tau= M/L = M/M^3.5 = 1/M^2.5 tau= M^-2.5 (10^10 yr)
🗑
|
||||
stages of Evolution- Main Sequence | show 🗑
|
||||
stages of Evolution-Red Giant Branch | show 🗑
|
||||
stages of Evolution-Horizontal Branch | show 🗑
|
||||
stages of Evolution-Asymptotic Red Giant Branch | show 🗑
|
||||
stages of evolution- Planetary Nebula | show 🗑
|
||||
show | C/O core continues to contact. Gravitational Potential Energy becomes Thermal Energy. Matter becomes degenerate again.
🗑
|
||||
triple alpha process | show 🗑
|
||||
Electron degeneracy pressure | show 🗑
|
||||
Chandrasekhar Mass Limit | show 🗑
|
||||
show | groups of stars, formed from same cloud (composition), at the same time (age), at the same distance, but different masses
🗑
|
||||
show | 10-1000 stars. 25 parsecs in size. plane of galaxy. Mostly young stars. loosely bound gravitationally, will eventually be pulled apart
🗑
|
||||
globular clusters | show 🗑
|
||||
Classical Nova | show 🗑
|
||||
Type Ia Supernova Explosions | show 🗑
|
||||
CNO Cycle | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Period= 5.37 days. Apparent magnitude varies from 3.6 to 4.3. Spectral class goes from F5 to G3
🗑
|
||||
Period- Luminosity Relationship | show 🗑
|
||||
Mass star evolution- Onion Layer Core | show 🗑
|
||||
show | After Si burning, we have an inert Fe core. We cannot gain energy from Fe fusion. No new round of core burning can take place, so GRAVITY begins to collapse the core.
🗑
|
||||
Neutron Degeneracy Pressure | show 🗑
|
||||
show | explosions have no H lines and are further classified by Si and He lines. Ia- Si and He Ib- no Si,He Ic no Si, no He
🗑
|
||||
show | explosions have H lines
🗑
|
||||
Specifics- Type II and Ib, Ic | show 🗑
|
||||
Specifics- Type Ia | show 🗑
|
||||
Core collapse VS Type Ia | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Mass-1.4 to 3 solar masses
radius- 10 km
Density- 10^14 g/cm^3
sugar cube would weigh 100,000,000 tons
very small size and spin very fast, STRONG magnetic field (10^12 G)
🗑
|
||||
Binary Neutron Stars | show 🗑
|
||||
X-ray Binary | show 🗑
|
||||
X-ray Bursters | show 🗑
|
||||
Neutron Star Structure | show 🗑
|
||||
show | laws of Physics are the same in all INERTIAL reference frames
(an inertial reference frame is one that moves at a constant velocity NOT accelerating relative to the observer's rest frame)
🗑
|
||||
show | the speed of light is CONSTANT and independent of source's speed
🗑
|
||||
show | moving objects are shorter.
🗑
|
||||
Special Relativity- Time Dilation | show 🗑
|
||||
General Relativity | show 🗑
|
||||
Equivalence Principle | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Rs= 2GM/c^2 Schwarzchild solved Einstein's equations to describe the gravity around a singularity. Rs defines the EVENT HORIZON
🗑
|
||||
show | All mass collapses to a single point.
No volume implies INFINITE density.
What we know about the Four Fundamental Forces, what we know about PHYSICS, breaks down inside a black hole.
Get to close, and you will become human spaghetti due to tidal forces
🗑
|
||||
show | Neutron Star that formed to start explosion, collapses when degeneracy fails.
Black Hole formation releases powerful jets of energy.
Jets detected before light signal of explosion
🗑
|
||||
E=mc^2 | show 🗑
|
||||
Energy=Luminosity x time | show 🗑
|
||||
show | L=M^3.5
🗑
|
||||
luminosity | show 🗑
|
||||
temperature ranking | show 🗑
|
||||
reconnection | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
emilyclawson
Popular Physics sets