Civics Midterm Review- CH 1-16
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| Where did the concept of citizenship/democracy begin? | Ancient Greece & Rome
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| is Latin for "out of many one" found on American coins | E Plurbius Unum
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| Which theory believes that U.S. society is best served when people abandon tehir cultural differences and are assimilated into society? | Meliting Pot
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| Which theory believes U.S. society benefits most when people keep their cultural identities-multiculturalism | Tossed Salad Theory
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| a legal process in which foreigners become citizens | Naturalization
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| What can legal aliens NOT do? | vote, serve on juries, and hold government jobs
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| Which government position can never be held by an immigrant? | president
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| What is the name of the law enforcement unit of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services? | Border Patrol
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| government based on religion | Theocracy
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| When U.S. citizens elect members of Congress, they are practicing... | Representative Democracy
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| things we are required to do by law: serve on juries, attend school, register for the draft, pay taxes, obey laws | duties
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| Which region used the plantation system for farming, relying on slave labor? | Southern
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| Which region depneded on shipbuilding? | New England
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| What was the name of the route taken by slaves from Africa to the Americas? | Middle Passage
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| Which colony was founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors and a military outpost against the Spanish in Florida? | Georgia
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| Which document introduced the idea of limited government, by restricting the power of the king and granting nobles’ the right to trial by jury? | Magna Carta
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| This was the first permanent English settlement founded in 1607. It created the House of Burgesses the first representative legislature in the colonies. | Jamestown
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| This colony was formed by Lord Baltimore for the Catholics. | Maryland
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| He was an English philosopher that developed the idea of natural rights and social contract theory? | John Locke
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| Forbid the colonist from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. | Proclamation of 1763
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| This war caused Britain to begin taxing the colonists to pay off its war debts. | French and Indian War
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| Slogan created by James Otis colonists believed British taxes were unfair because they did not have any representatives in Parliament. It led to a boycott that eventually helped lead to the act being repealed. | “No Taxation Without Representation”
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| What acts were passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party? | Intolerable/Coercive Acts
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| Who published Common Sense, a pamphlet calling for complete independence from Britain? | Thomas Paine
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| What were the first battles of the Revolutionary War, known as the “shot heard round the world”? | Lexington and Concord
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| Who wrote the the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What was the name of the "Lost Colony" ? | Roanoke
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| Who was the first child of English parents to be born on American soil? | Virginia Dare
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| Which farmer’s rebellion showed that we needed a stronger government than the one established by the Articles of Confederation? | Shay's Rebellion
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| Why did delegates to the Constitutional Convention originally meet? | to revise the Articles of Confederation
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| Who was known as the “Father of the Constitution”? He created the Virginia Plan and was a main writer of the Federalist Papers? | James Madison
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| The Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because it did not include a.... | bill of rights
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| What is needed for ratification of an amendment? | approval of 3/4 of state legislatures
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| powers of the national/federal government like declaring war | Expressed Powers
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| powers shared between the state and national/federal government like taxation | Concurrent Powers
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| powers of the state government like regulating prisons | Reserved Powers
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| What event began the Civil Rights Movement? | Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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| RAPPS: Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition and Speech | 1st Amendment
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| limits searches and seizures; police need a warrant | 4th Amendment
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| due process of the law, protection against self-incrimination, prevents double jeopardy | 5th Amendment
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| right to a lawyer | 6th Amendment
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| reserved powers to the state | 10th Amendment
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| abolishes slavery | 13th Amendment
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| voting rights for African American males | 15th Amendment
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| suffrage for women | 19th Amendment
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| lowers the voting age to 18 (due to Vietnam War, draft | 26th Amendment
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| students could continue wearing armbands to protest the Vietnam War | Tinker v. DesMoines
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| suspects must be read their rights when arrested- right to remain silent etc. | Miranda v. Arizona
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| right to a court appointed lawyer in criminal cases | Gideon v. Wainwright
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| evidence seized from a person’s residence without a search warrant cannot be used in trial- exclusionary rule. | Mapp v. Ohio
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| established judicial review- the power of the Supreme Court to say whether any law goes against the Constitution | Marbury v. Madison
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| desegregated public schools; overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine | Brown v. Board
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| an oddly shaped district designed to increase the voting strength of a particular group | Gerrymander
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| population count taken every ten years | census
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| the right of members of Congress to send work-related mail without paying postage | Franking Privilege
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| government project or grant that primarily benefits a particular home district or state | pork barrel projects
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| Who would assume the presidency if both the president and vice president died? | Speaker
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| Who is the official leader of the Senate? He only votes to break a tie. | Vice President
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| A president can kill legislation by doing nothing for 10 days while Congress is not in session, in a move known as a .... | pocket veto
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| Who must approve presidential treaties and nominees for high ranking positions? | Senate
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| Which house chooses the president if no candidate receives a majority of the electors? | House
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| an official representative of a country's government | ambassador
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| an agreement among a froup of nations that prohibits them from trading with a target nation | embargo
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| a group of people who elect the president and vice president | Electoral College
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| What are the three requirements needed to be president of the U.S.? | 35 yrs old, native born citizen, and a resident of the U.S. for 14 yrs
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| Who has the power to declare war? | Congress
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| Who is the only president to serve more than two terms in office? | Franklin Roosevelt
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| The most important job of the president is to carry out the nation's laws as... | Chief Executive
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| the last cabinet office to be added in 2002 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks | Dept. of Homeland Security
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| List the three levels of federal courts | District, Appeals, and Supreme
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| In which types of court do federal trials and lawsuits usually begin? | District
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| Who chooses US Supreme Court Justices? How long do they serve? | President/Life Terms
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| What is the name of North Carolina’s state legislature? | General Assembly
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| What is the main job of the state legislature? | Make/Create Laws
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| What does the lottery fund? | Education
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| Who is the chief executive of state government? | Governor
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| Who does the governor control in his commander-in-chief role? | National Guard
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| Who chooses N.C. judges and justices? | Voters
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| Serious crimes and civil cases involving more than $10,000 are heard in which N.C. court? | Superior Court
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| Which court hears death penalty appeals in N.C.? | NC Supreme Court
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| a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs and positions | platform
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| system used to elect the president and vice president | Electoral College
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| an election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election | primary
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| Which leader’s Farewell Address warned Americans about the harmful effects of political parties, believing they would cause divisions in government? | George Washington
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| The U.S. has a ______________ system of government. | two-party
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| Who was the only third party candidate to finish second in a presidential election? | Theodore Roosevelt
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| How do we determine the number of electors for each state? | Senators + Representatives
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| What were the nation's first two poltical parites? | Federalists & Democratic-Republicans
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| What was the first known system of written law? | Code of Hammurabi
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| Which French leader updated the Code of Justinian in 1804? | Napoleon Bonaparte
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| serious crimes like murder, rape, or kidnapping | Felonies
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| less serious crimes like littering | Misdemeanors
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| about 95% of criminal trials in the US are for violations of ___________________ laws. | State
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| a person accused of a crime and found not guilty may not be tried a second time | Double Jeopardy
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| the party bringing charges against the alleged criminal | Plaintiff
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| person charged with a crime | Defendant
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| to formally charge someone of a crime | Indictment
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| early release from prison | Parole
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| court order commanding a person or group to stop a certain action | Injunction
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| Juveniles receive many of the same rights as adults, EXCEPT | Trial by Jury
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