MC Fabick Fall 2012
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| epoetin alfa recombinant (Epgoen, Procrit) | hematopoietic growth factor
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| EPO | hematopoietic growth factor
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| darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) | hematopoietic growth factor
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| filgrastim (Neupogen) | Colony-stimulating factors
prototype, S/E same as hematopoeitic growth factors
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| pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) | Colony-stimulating factors
long duration
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| sargramostim (Leukine) | Colony-stimulating factors
tx of non hodgkins lymphoma and autologous bone marrow transplantation...teach to avoid infection!
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| oprelvekin (Neumega) | platelet enhancer
platelets, s/e- edema, weight gain, given SQ only
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| romiplostim (NPlate) | platelet enhancer
given for PO ITTP
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| eltrombopag (Promacta) | platelet enhancer
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| cyannocobalamin (Crystamine) | antianemic agents, most common, purified form of vitamin B12, tx percutaneous anemias, weekly to monthly tx for life, mental and behavioral changes noted
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| folic acid (Folvite) | antianemic agents
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| ferrous sulfate (Feosol) | antianemic agents
constipation, dark green or black stools, stained teeth, iritating to tissues, anaphylaxes if given IV
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| Humalog | insulin
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| regular (Humulin R) | insulin, more effective, less allergenic and less resistance. comes from e. coli, effects cell transport, tx IDDM and some NIDDM, controls storage/use of carbs, S/E dka,
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| NPH | insulin
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| glargine (Lantus) | insulin
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| sulfonylureas | oral hypoglycemic class
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| biguanides | oral hypoglycemic class
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| alpha glucosidase inhibitors | oral hypoglycemic class
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| thiazolidineadione | oral hypoglycemic class
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| meglitinides | oral hypoglycemic class
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| glipizide (Glucotrol & Glucotrol XL) | sulfonylureas
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| metformin (Glucophage) | biguanide antihyperglycemis, prototype,
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| metformin (Glumetza) | biguanide antihyperglycemis, long acting, once daily dosing, give after eating, use alongside with sulfonylureas, a/e- lactic acidosis
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| acarbose (Prescose) | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, block enzyme in small bowel that breaks down complex carb that prevents absorption in small intestine, give with first bite of food, causes hypoglycemia, careful of garlic and ginseng, check ALT and AST's!
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| rosiglitazone (Avandia) | thiazolidineadione antihyperglycemics, a/e- edema, effects lipid levels, hepatotoxic, chf, does not cause hypoglycemia
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| pioglitazone (Actos) | thiazolidineadione antihyperglycemics
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| nateglinide (Starlix) | meglitinides antihyperglycemics, stimulate insulin production from pancreatic cells, 2-4 hr action, well tolerated, hypoglycemia = main s/e
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| repaglinide (Prandin) | meglitinides antihyperglycemics
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| exenatide (Byatta) | Combo antihyperglycemics,incretin mimetics, a/e- N/V/D, take SQ, BID
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| pramlintide (Symlin) | Combo antihyperglycemics,injectable, type 1 and 2, mimics amylin
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| Jenuvia (Sitajilpin) | Combo antihyperglycemics, PO it stops breakdown of incretin, decrease in blood sugar levels
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| Glucagon | hyperglycemic agents
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| D50W | hyperglycemic agents
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| calcium carbonate (Bio Cal, Calcite-500) | Calcium Supplements & Vitamin D
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| calcium citrate (Citracal) | Calcium Supplements & Vitamin D
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| Calcium salts | Calcium Supplements & Vitamin D, use slow IV*, avoid zinc foods (nuts,legumes, seeds, sprouts and tofu), chvostek and trossue tests
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| calcitriol (Calcijex, Rocaltrol) | osteomalacia drugs, prototype, tx rickets also, promotes intestinal absorption and improves calcium levels, administer with calcium supplements
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| alendronate (Fosamax) | bisphosphonates, prototype, take daily, metallic and altered taste, given iv cause nephrotoxicity, take on empty stomach w/ glass of water, stay upright 30-60 min, NPO 2hrs,esophageal erosion, causes ulcers
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| bisphosphonates | osteoporosis drugs
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| SERM | osteoprosis drugs
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| ibandronate (Boniva) | bisphosphonates
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| risedronate (Actonel) | bisphosphonates
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| etidronate disodium (Didronel) | bisphosphonates
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| raloxifene (Evista) | SERM, prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, CI preg/lactating
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| DMARDs | RA drugs
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| TNF Inhibitors or MABs | also DMARDs RA drugs
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| hydroxychloroquinine sulfate (plaquenil) | DMARDs
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| methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Folex, Mexate) | DMARDs
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| infliximab (Remicade) | TNF Inhibitors, decreases inflammation, binds to TNF's
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| adalimumab (humira) | TNF Inhibitors, prevents joint damage
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| auranofin (Ridaura) | TNF Inhibitors
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| gold sodium tiomalate (Myochrysine) | TNF Inhibitors
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| colchicine (Colchicine & Colgout) | antigout, used in acute attacks, get from autumn crocus (flower), does not clear or get rid of uric acid, but gets rid of inflammation and pain, take qhr until pain relieved or have diarrhea
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| probenecid (Benemid) | uricosuric, prototype for chronic gout, discontinued at onset if acute attack, a/e- wheezing, or other allergic reaction sx
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| sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) | uricosuric, leads to nephrolithiasis made up of uric acid stones, watch for kidney stones, increase fluids b/c gout
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| allopurinol (zyloprim & lopurin) | uricosuric, renal failure, BUN and Creatinine, and liver toxicity, liver alt and ast
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| acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) | salycylates
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| ibuprofen (motrin, advil) | prostaglandin synthtase inhibitors (PSI)
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| ketoprofen (orudis) | prostaglandin synthtase inhibitors (PSI)
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| meloxicam (mobic) | prostaglandin synthtase inhibitors (PSI), arthtitis pts
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| naproxen (Naprosyn) | prostaglandin synthtase inhibitors (PSI), 12 hr dosing
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| naproxen sodium (Aleve & Anaprox) | prostaglandin synthtase inhibitors (PSI)
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| indomethacin (Indocin) | acetic acids
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| diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) | acetic acids
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| ketorolac(Toradol) | acetic acids
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| phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) | pyraxolone derivative
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| nabumetone (Relafen) | alkanones, newer, used for osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, daily dosing
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| celecoxib (Celebrex) | COX2 Inhibitor,for inflammation, does not cause stomach probs, do not take if allergic to aspirin or sulfonimides
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| prednisone (Deltasone) | glucocorticoids-corticoids, replacement therapy with Addison's disease (adrenal glands not functioning), prevents asthma, delayed wound healing, hyperglycemia, heirchtism, cushings, skinny arms and legs, increase the med with stress
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| beclomethasone dipropionate (Beclovent & Veanceril) | glucocorticoids-corticoids inhaled
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| triamcinolone acetonide (Aristocort, Kenocort, Aristospan, Kenalog) | glucocorticoids-corticoids inhaled
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| hydrocortisone | glucocorticoids-corticoids topical
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| methlprednisolon | glucocorticoids-corticoids topical
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| betamdethasone | glucocorticoids-corticoids topical
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| dexamethasone | glucocorticoids-corticoids topical
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| triamcinolone | glucocorticoids-corticoids topical
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| fludrocortisone (Florinef acetate) | mineralcorticoids, replacement for adison's disease
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| acetaminophen (Tylenol) | para-aminophenol , prototype, widely used OTC analgesic and antipyretic, no anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet, not an NSAID!, overdose= hepatotoxicity
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| decoction | boiled 30-60 min very concentrated
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| extract | solvents form highly concentracted
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| infusion | soaked 15 min stronger tea
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| tea | soaked 5-10 min & convenient
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| tincture | extracted with alcohol by soaking
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| hematopoeitic growth factors | S/E- asthenia (muscle weakness)...flulike symptoms (M/C)..clotting (shut off dialysis shunt)...polycythemia (increase in blood cells)...risk for thromboembolic disease
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| hct and hbg levels | hct: 38-47 women, 46-54 males, hgb: 11.5-16 women and 13.2-17.5 males
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| iron soures | liver, eggs, legumes (peanuts and beans), whole enriched grains, dark green veggies, iron cookware, organ meats
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| folic acid sources | dark green veggies, legumes, liver, OJ
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| B12 sources | animal products only...meat, fish, eggs, liver, poultry, milk, cheese
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| colony stimulating factors | "stim"
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| anemias | blood has reduced ability to carry oxygen...anemia is a sign NOT a symptom
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| important about insulin | 100 ml syringe (rarely 500)...know how to calculate, can not be given PO, don't give cold but give at room temp
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| exubra | inhaled regular insulin approved in 2006
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| hypoglycemia s/x | ittitability, LOC (coma), convulsions, lipodistrophy
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| hyperglycemia | 3 p's
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| levemir | peakless
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| glipizide (Glucotrol) | 2 generation sulfonylureas, prototype, assess for sulfa allergies, tx NIDDM if not controlled by diet and exercise, s/e-photosensitivity, rash, hypoglycemia (mc), weight gain, hepatotoxicity, antibuse reaction (can't drink alcohol- can kill them)
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| glipizide (Glucotrol) levels | onset 15-30 minutes, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 24 hrs basal control
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| hyperglycemia does not happen with this class | thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemics
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| bromocreptine mesylate (perlodel or cycloset) | combination drug, used with Parkinson's, perlodel tx type 2 DM
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| stevia | 300 times sweeter than sugar, not approved sweetener bc it mutates cells
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| glucagon | hyperglycemic agent- duration 1.5 hrs repeat in 20 min, s/e- rash, dizziness, resp distress, n/v, Hyperglycemia, dosage 0.5-1 mg
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| bisphosphonates | cause TMJ
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| zolendronate (reclas, zomata) | given IV 5 min, repeat in 7 days
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| HRT | controversial, correlated with Bcancer, thromboembolic disease, and uterine cancer
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| calcitonin | lowers serum calcium levels
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| paget's disase | bisphosphonates- DOC, calcitonin second
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| DMARDs | taken for RA if NSAIDS are not working, slows disease progression, may induce remission, a/e- irreversible retinal damage (vision checks q 6 months), low bc (agranulocytosis),
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| glucosamine and chondroitin | taken for several months to improve catilage
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| gout | high levels of uric acid leads to inflammation, pain , and joint deformity
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| salicylates | CI- preggers (in third trimester) and pts with peptic ulcer disease or increased risk of bleeding, get hyperthermia and tinnitus
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| NSAIDS education | take with water, meals, antiacid, or milk, causes bleeding, bruising, and tinnitus, take around the clock for inflammation
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| glucocorticoids | watch for oral or vaginal canditiasis, avoid OTC drugs and aspirin), never stop quick,using it inhaled rinse mouth piece and mouth after each use, causes dysphonia (change in voice), avoid exposure to contagious agents and avoid cowds, Never stop absuptly
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