Dose limits for exposure to ionozing radiation
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| Big Brother | The various advisory groups and regulatory agencies, usually referred to by abbreviations and acronyms
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| ICRP | International Commission on Radiological Protection
-Provides international guidance & recommendations
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| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
-Forming and publishing reports
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| UNSCEAR | nited Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
-Research
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| NAS/NRC~BEIR | National Academy of Science/National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
-Recommendations
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| NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission
-Federal agency with enforcement power
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| Agreement states | enforces regulations
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| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency
-Enforces regulations regarding the environment
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration
-Regulated the x-ray equipment manufacturing
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| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
-Monitoring agency in the work place
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| Radiation Safety Committee | Develops radiation safety program
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| Radiation Safety Officer | Oversees the daily operations
--Generally a medical physicist, health physicist or radiologists
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| Radiation Safety Program | Mandated by the NRC
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| Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 | Public Law 90-602
-Protects the public from hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure
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| ALARA | 1987 the NCRP principle
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| Standards for Diagnostic X-Ray Equipment (7) | PBLs, minimal permanent filtriation, reproductibility 5% or <, exposure linearity <.1%, Beam limitation on spot devices during fluoro, beam on indicators, manual back up times for AEC
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| Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981 | Federal legislation requiring minimal standards for the accreditation of educational programs fro persons who administer radiologic procedures and the certification of such persons; Individual states regulate the act
-PA has no stature
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| NCRP Report # 116 | Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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| Objectives of Radiation Protection #1 | 1.To prevent any clinically important nonstochastic (deterministic) effects by adhering to dose limits that are beneath the threshold levels
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| Objectives of Radiation Protection #2 | To limit the risk of stochastic responses to a conservative level as weighted against societal needs, values, benefits acquired and economic considerations
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| Annual Occupational Effective Dose Limit | 50mSv; 5rems
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| Cumulative Effective Dose (CumEfD) Limit | Lifetime dose should not exceed 10 times the occupationally exposed person’s age in years
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| Collective Effective Dose (ColEfD) | If 1,000 people were exposed to a low-dose of different sources of ionizing radiation and the average EfD is 0.5 mSv(50 mrem), the ColEfd is 500 person/mSv, or 0.5 person/sievert (50man/rem)
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| NCRP Report # 116, Occ Exposures, Effective dose | -Annual 50 mSv (5 rem)
-Cumulative 10 mSv x age 1 rem x age
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| NCRP Report # 116, Occ Exposures (Equivalent dose annual limits for tissues & organs) | Lens of eye 150 mSv (15 rem)
Skin, hands & Feet 500 mSv (50 rem)
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| NCRP 116 Public Exposure (EfD limit, continuous or frequent exposure) | 1mSv, .1rem
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| NCRP 116 Public Exposure (EfD limit, infrequent exposure) | 5mSv, .5rem
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| NCRP 116 Public Exposure (EfD for tissue and organs) | Lens of eye 15 mSv 1.5 rem
Skin,etc. 50 mSv 5 rem
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| NCRP 116 Embro-fetus exposure | EqD limit
Monthly 0.5 mSv 0.05 rem
Entire gestation 5.0 mSv 0.50 rem
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