Exam 3 Crowe
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| achiral | a molecule or object that contains an element (a plane or a point) of symmetry; has a superimposable mirror image
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| anti addition | an addition reaction in which the two added substituents add to opposite sides of the molecule
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| asymmetric center | an atom that is bonded to four different substituents
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| chiral | a molecule that has a non superimposable mirror image; an object with a right-handed and a left-handed form
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| cis-isomer | the isomer with substituents on the same side of a cyclic structure, or the isomer with the hydrogens on the same side of a double bond
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| cis-trans isomers | result from not being able to rotate about a carbon-carbon bond. They are also called geometric isomers or E,Z isomers.
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| diastereomer | stereoisomers that are not enantiomers
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| enantiomer | nonsuperimposable mirror-image molecule (chiral); each member is chiral (chirality is a property of an entire object or an entire molecule)
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| enantiomeric excess | how much excess of one enantiomer is present in a mixture of a pair of enantiomers, expressed as a percentage
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| observed rotation | the amount of rotation observed in a polarimeter
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| observed specific rotation | the specific rotation measured for a particular sample
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| polarimeter | an instrument that measures the rotation of the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light
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| R configuration | an arrow drawn from the highest-priority group to the next priority group that goes in a clockwise direction
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| regioselective | describes a reaction that leads to the preferential formation of one constitutional isomer over another
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| S configuration | an arrow drawn from the highest-priority group to the next priority group that goes in a counterclockwise direction
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| specific rotation | the amount of rotation that will be observed for a compound with a concentration of 1.0g/mL in a sample tube 1.0dm long
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| stereocenter | an atom at which the interchange of two groups produces a stereoisomer
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| stereochemistry | the field of chemistry that deals with the structure of molecules in three dimensions
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| stereoisomers | isomers that differ in the way the atoms are arranged in space
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| stereoselective | describes a reaction that leads to the preferential formation of one stereoisomer over another
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| stereospecific | describes a reaction in which the reactant can exist as stereoisomers and each stereoisomeric reactant leads to a different stereoisomeric product
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| syn addition | an addition reaction in which the two added substituents add to the same side of the molecule
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| trans isomer | the isomer with substituents on the opposite sides of a cyclic structure, or the isomer with the hydrogens on the opposite sides of the double bond
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| acetylide ion | the conjugate base of a terminal alkyne RC(triple bond)C-
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| aldehyde | a compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to an alkyl group and to a hydrogen (or bonded to two hydrogens)http://img.tfd.com/mosbycam/thumbs/500045-fx18.gif
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| alkylation reaction | a reaction that adds an alkyl group to a reactant
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| alkyne | a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon carbon triple bond
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| carbonyl group | a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen
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| alkylation reaction | a reaction that adds an alkyl group to a reactant
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| alkyne | a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond
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| carbonyl group | a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen
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| enol | an alkene with an OH group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons
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| geminal dihalide | an compound with two halogen atoms bonded to the same carbon
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| internal alkyne | an alkyne with its triple bond not at the end of the carbon chain
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| keto-enol tautomers | a ketone and its isomeric enol. The keto and enol tautomers differ only in the location of a double bond and a hydrogen
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| ketone | a compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to two alkyl groups
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| radical anion | a species with a negative charge and an unpaired electron
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| retrosynthesis | working backward (on paper) from a target molecule to available starting materials
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| tautomers | consitutional isomers that are in rapid equilibrium; for example, keto and enol tautomers. they differ only in the location of a double bond and a hydrogen
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| terminal alkyne | an alkyne with its triple bond at the end of the carbon chain
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| vinylic cation | a compound with a positive charge on a vinylic carbon
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| vinylic radical | a compound with an unpaired electron on a vinylic carbon
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