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CHEM 2261 Exam 3
Exam 3 Crowe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| achiral | a molecule or object that contains an element (a plane or a point) of symmetry; has a superimposable mirror image |
| anti addition | an addition reaction in which the two added substituents add to opposite sides of the molecule |
| asymmetric center | an atom that is bonded to four different substituents |
| chiral | a molecule that has a non superimposable mirror image; an object with a right-handed and a left-handed form |
| cis-isomer | the isomer with substituents on the same side of a cyclic structure, or the isomer with the hydrogens on the same side of a double bond |
| cis-trans isomers | result from not being able to rotate about a carbon-carbon bond. They are also called geometric isomers or E,Z isomers. |
| diastereomer | stereoisomers that are not enantiomers |
| enantiomer | nonsuperimposable mirror-image molecule (chiral); each member is chiral (chirality is a property of an entire object or an entire molecule) |
| enantiomeric excess | how much excess of one enantiomer is present in a mixture of a pair of enantiomers, expressed as a percentage |
| observed rotation | the amount of rotation observed in a polarimeter |
| observed specific rotation | the specific rotation measured for a particular sample |
| polarimeter | an instrument that measures the rotation of the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light |
| R configuration | an arrow drawn from the highest-priority group to the next priority group that goes in a clockwise direction |
| regioselective | describes a reaction that leads to the preferential formation of one constitutional isomer over another |
| S configuration | an arrow drawn from the highest-priority group to the next priority group that goes in a counterclockwise direction |
| specific rotation | the amount of rotation that will be observed for a compound with a concentration of 1.0g/mL in a sample tube 1.0dm long |
| stereocenter | an atom at which the interchange of two groups produces a stereoisomer |
| stereochemistry | the field of chemistry that deals with the structure of molecules in three dimensions |
| stereoisomers | isomers that differ in the way the atoms are arranged in space |
| stereoselective | describes a reaction that leads to the preferential formation of one stereoisomer over another |
| stereospecific | describes a reaction in which the reactant can exist as stereoisomers and each stereoisomeric reactant leads to a different stereoisomeric product |
| syn addition | an addition reaction in which the two added substituents add to the same side of the molecule |
| trans isomer | the isomer with substituents on the opposite sides of a cyclic structure, or the isomer with the hydrogens on the opposite sides of the double bond |
| acetylide ion | the conjugate base of a terminal alkyne RC(triple bond)C- |
| aldehyde | a compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to an alkyl group and to a hydrogen (or bonded to two hydrogens)http://img.tfd.com/mosbycam/thumbs/500045-fx18.gif |
| alkylation reaction | a reaction that adds an alkyl group to a reactant |
| alkyne | a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon carbon triple bond |
| carbonyl group | a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen |
| alkylation reaction | a reaction that adds an alkyl group to a reactant |
| alkyne | a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond |
| carbonyl group | a carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen |
| enol | an alkene with an OH group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons |
| geminal dihalide | an compound with two halogen atoms bonded to the same carbon |
| internal alkyne | an alkyne with its triple bond not at the end of the carbon chain |
| keto-enol tautomers | a ketone and its isomeric enol. The keto and enol tautomers differ only in the location of a double bond and a hydrogen |
| ketone | a compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to two alkyl groups |
| radical anion | a species with a negative charge and an unpaired electron |
| retrosynthesis | working backward (on paper) from a target molecule to available starting materials |
| tautomers | consitutional isomers that are in rapid equilibrium; for example, keto and enol tautomers. they differ only in the location of a double bond and a hydrogen |
| terminal alkyne | an alkyne with its triple bond at the end of the carbon chain |
| vinylic cation | a compound with a positive charge on a vinylic carbon |
| vinylic radical | a compound with an unpaired electron on a vinylic carbon |
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