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Ch 1 through 8

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
show An interest in the same kinds of questions about human nature  
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Which theory suggests that “the times make the person”?   show
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"The man makes the times," reflects which view of history?   show
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show preparadigmatic  
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show Francis Sumner  
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The _____ theory would support the claim: “Freud was instrumental in discovering psychoanalysis. If not for Freud, no other psychologist would have been able to undercover the human psyche.”   show
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show experimentation  
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show repeated  
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show naturalistic  
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show his findings challenged the prevailing view in stimulus-response (S-R) learning theory  
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show the intellectual and cultural climate of the times  
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show Wilhelm Wundt  
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show engaged in the discriminatory practices that mark American culture as a whole  
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show free association  
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The various schools of thought in psychology have served well as systems to be opposed. In each case, ____ was the consequence.   show
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An "autobiography" of Jung was evidently written not by Jung but by an assistant who ____.   show
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show scientific revolution  
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The contextual forces in psychology deal with the ____.   show
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show the techniques, principles, and issues involved in historical research  
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show economic opportunities, wars, and discrimination  
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Materialism is the belief that ____.   show
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show effects are predictable and measurable  
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Who can be said to have inaugurated the era of modern psychology?   show
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Descartes makes a case that because the body is matter the laws of ____ apply.   show
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show reductionism  
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show The mind and body mutually influence each other's actions  
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John Locke disagreed with the doctrine of innate ideas. According to Locke, ____.   show
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Which philosopher believed that the only things that humans know with certainty are those objects that are perceived?   show
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For Locke, ideas are the result of ____.   show
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show positivism  
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show mechanism  
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____ are mechanized figures that could almost perfectly duplicate the movements of living things.   show
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show reflection  
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show the mind-body problem  
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show all mental activity  
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show determinism  
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For Locke, the difference between a simple and a complex idea is that a simple idea ____.   show
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show John Stuart Mill's creative synthesis  
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show arise from the direct application of an external stimulus  
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show mechanism  
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show Descartes  
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show machine  
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Descartes makes a case that because the body is matter the laws of ____ apply.   show
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show Comte  
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Which British empiricist championed women's rights and condemned the unequal status of women?   show
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the most radically mechanistic of the Brit empiricists,claimed the mind is machine & there's no freedom of will; believed the mind is a passive entity & all thought can be analyzed in terms of sensations.   show
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show contiguity; repetition  
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show reductionism  
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Empiricism attributes all knowledge to ____.   show
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show the mind is a blank slate at birth; therefore, there are no innate ideas  
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According to Descartes, the pineal gland was the part of the brain ____.   show
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The theories of mechanism that invoke the movement of atoms to explain the universe were developed by ____.   show
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Why was the mechanical clock a revolutionary invention?   show
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show cannot be reduced  
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The doctrine of ____ is important because it stimulated opposition among early empiricists and associationists.   show
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show Babbage's calculating machine  
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show mechanism  
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Materialism is the belief that ____.   show
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show 1. It demonstrated the Zeitgeist of the time. 2. It was one example of the spirit of mechanism. 3. It was widely popular and well-known. 4. All of the above. 100% 5. It was described as the “glory of France.”  
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Before Descartes, the accepted point of view was that the interaction between mind and body was essentially unidirectional, that ____.   show
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Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting shows that ____.   show
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For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was ____.   show
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Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psychology should ____.   show
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The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____.   show
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Wundt's system is most accurately identified as ____.   show
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In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____.   show
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Wundt classified sensations according to which characteristics?   show
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show Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences.  
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Given that many of his research findings remain valid today, ____ can be seen as more influential than ____.   show
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Külpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensations or feelings. Külpe's view is known as ____.   show
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Ebbinghaus is important for the history of psychology because he ____.   show
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show Act  
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show phenomenology  
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show Phenomenology  
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show they were influenced by language and aspects thereof  
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show educating the founders of Gestalt psychology  
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Which of the following are the three dimensions of Wundt’s tridimensional theory of feelings?   show
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show Hermann Ebbinghaus  
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In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29-year-old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could ____.   show
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While Wundt had argued that learning and memory could not be studied experimentally, who soon proved him wrong?   show
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One of Helmholtz's particular contributions to psychology was his work on ____.   show
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show extirpation method  
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show Flourens  
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show Gall  
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The representation of the nervous system as a complex switching system reveals the 19th-century reliance on ____.   show
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How did the British empiricists (BritE) and the German physiologists (GerP) differ in their approach to the study of the senses?   show
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show Fechner  
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What is the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli?   show
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show Hall  
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Who developed both the two-point threshold and the concept of the just noticeable difference?   show
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show just noticeable difference  
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Until the work of ____, experimentation was not the preferred method in physiology.   show
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The researcher credited with the finding or conclusion that nerve impulses are electrical within the neuron is ____.   show
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show physics and chemistry only  
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show Cajal  
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____ discovered, among other things, that the brain had both white and gray matter, and that fiber connect the two halves of the brain.   show
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show psychology could never be a science  
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show the inductive method  
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In modern medicine, the cause of a person's dementia typically cannot be determined until autopsy. Thus, ____ clinical research method continues to be of significance in medicine and psychology.   show
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show that thought and movement are not simultaneous  
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J Müller found that nerves only give information characteristic of the sense associated with it. This means that when an auditory nerve is stimulated, it will result in someone hearing a sound, even when no noise is present. Müller called this ____.   show
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Who devised a theory of color vision as well as conducted research on audition?   show
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show method of average error  
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show psychology could never be a science  
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In Fechner's Law as one variable increases arithmetically, the other variable increases ____.   show
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The point of sensitivity below which no sensation can be detected and above which sensation can be experienced is a definition of the ____.   show
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show quantitative  
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show quantification of the mind-body relationship  
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show there was academic freedom for students and faculty alike  
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Late in his career, Fechner noted that the idea for describing the mind-body relationship ____.   show
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show they were influenced by language and aspects thereof  
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For Brentano, the primary research method was ____.   show
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show it was not seen as having practical value  
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For Wundt, feelings are ____.   show
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Wundt classified sensations according to which characteristics?   show
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According to Wundt, there were two elementary forms of experience, namely ____.   show
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show Hermann Ebbinghaus  
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The fundamental purpose of creating nonsense syllables was to ____.   show
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The ultimate fate of Wundt's laboratory at Leipzig was that it ____.   show
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show not pay attention to two things at once  
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Wundt's modification of introspection was the ____.   show
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show Phenomenology  
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Stumpf and Wundt engaged in a bitter fight over the topic of ____.   show
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The significance of Ebbinghaus's work is in his ____.   show
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show use of the experimental method  
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Wundt's system is most accurately identified as ____.   show
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show physiological psychology  
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____ work on ____ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology.   show
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show Ebbinghaus  
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Wundt's doctrine of apperception refers to ____.   show
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Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting shows that ____.   show
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show consciousness  
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Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psychology should ____.   show
🗑
The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____.   show
🗑
In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____.   show
🗑
show Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences.  
🗑
show Ebbinghaus; Wundt  
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Külpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensations or feelings. Külpe's view is known as ____.   show
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show successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory, could not be studied in the laboratory  
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show Act  
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show phenomenology  
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Other than Stumpf's research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____.   show
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show pleasure/displeasure; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression.  
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Wundt's term voluntarism reflects his emphasis on the ____.   show
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The first system or school of thought in psychology was called ____.   show
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show the development of the nonsense syllable  
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show Wundt  
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show apperception  
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show his own introspections  
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Who discovered the direction of travel of nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord?   show
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Empiricism attributes all knowledge to ____.   show
🗑
In modern medicine, the cause of a person's dementia typically cannot be determined until autopsy. Thus, ____ clinical research method continues to be of significance in medicine and psychology.   show
🗑
Descartes proposed that the mind produces two kinds of ideas, ____ and ____.   show
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show reflex action theory  
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show absolute threshold  
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____ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement.   show
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Which British empiricist championed women's rights and condemned the unequal status of women?   show
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show machine  
🗑
show had not been suggested to him by Weber's work  
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show infinity  
🗑
J. Müller found that nerves only give information characteristic of the sense associated with it. This means that when an auditory nerve is stimulated, it will result in someone hearing a sound, even when no noise is present. Müller called this ____.   show
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Skinner's self-discipline as a student and Freud's being ignored and rejected early in his career indicated that ____.   show
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Modern psychology differs from philosophy in which of the following ways?   show
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Both the term and concept of positivism represent the thought of ____.   show
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Currently, psychology ____.   show
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What was the significance of the defecating duck?   show
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show Babbage's calculating machine  
🗑
For Locke, ideas are the result of ____.   show
🗑
When ____ enrolled as a graduate student at Clark University, the administration arranged a separate dining table for her/him.   show
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show All of the choices are correct  
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show vision  
🗑
While Hartley's fundamental law of association was ____, he also proposed that ____ was necessary for associations to be formed.   show
🗑
show An interest in the same kinds of questions about human nature  
🗑
show physics and chemistry only  
🗑
Simultaneous discovery favors which view of history?   show
🗑
show psychology could never be a science  
🗑
Who devised a theory of color vision as well as conducted research on audition?   show
🗑
Derived ideas ____.   show
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show free association  
🗑
Complex ideas formed from simple ideas take on new qualities. This is a definition of ____.   show
🗑
show derived ideas  
🗑
As a scientific discipline, psychology is ____.   show
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A school of thought emerges whenever ____.   show
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Empiricism attributes all knowledge to ____.   show
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According to the textbook, the dominant idea of the 17th century was ____.   show
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show has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms and may be more fragmented than at any time in its history  
🗑
show John Watson  
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show Newton and Galileo  
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show data distorted by translation  
🗑
show the mind-body problem  
🗑
show the intellectual and cultural climate of the times  
🗑
show altered and/or deleted some of Jung's writings to present him in a manner suiting his family and followers  
🗑
show All of the choices are correct  
🗑
Weber's Law, the formulation of how much change in a stimulus is required for a subject to detect it, rests on the measurement of the ____.   show
🗑
____ was the first successful demonstration of artificial intelligence.   show
🗑
Late in his career, Fechner noted that the idea for describing the mind-body relationship ____.   show
🗑
show contiguity; repetition  
🗑
Freud's idea "Einfall" was translated to English into the term ____ which means something other than what Freud implied in the original German.   show
🗑
show the doctrine of the specific energies of nerves  
🗑
show mechanics  
🗑
show Fechner  
🗑
Perhaps the most valuable outcome of the study of the history of psychology is that one will learn the ____.   show
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Fechner's work had proved Immanuel Kant wrong when Kant said that ____.   show
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show participants may themselves produce biased accounts  
🗑
show the inductive method  
🗑
show Flourens  
🗑
show certainty of knowledge  
🗑
The calculation of the mean of a group of scores is the same as Fechner's ____.   show
🗑
What was the most influential doctrine to modern psychology?   show
🗑
show educating the founders of Gestalt psychology  
🗑
In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____.   show
🗑
show Romanes  
🗑
show apperception  
🗑
For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was ____.   show
🗑
Galton found that a substantial proportion of word associations were evidence of ____.   show
🗑
According to Darwin, human emotional expressions reflect ____.   show
🗑
show consciousness  
🗑
For Wundt, feelings are ____.   show
🗑
According to Wundt, psychology should be concerned with the study of ____.   show
🗑
show they were influenced by language and aspects thereof  
🗑
show 1. statistical techniques 2. testing methods 3. All of the above. 100% 4. heredity 5. child development  
🗑
show Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences.  
🗑
show Lyell  
🗑
Wundt's system is most accurately identified as ____.   show
🗑
Wundt's theory of feelings was based on ____.   show
🗑
Who first highlighted the importance of central tendency?   show
🗑
Ebbinghaus measured the rate of human learning by ____.   show
🗑
show kind and helpful  
🗑
show investigating unconscious processes  
🗑
show use of the experimental method  
🗑
The notion that there is a continuity of consciousness and cognitive processes between animals and humans was suggested and/or demonstrated by ____.   show
🗑
Ordinary words such as "table" were not to be used by Titchener's introspectionists. Therefore, it became a goal to ____.   show
🗑
The psychological study of music was pioneered by ____.   show
🗑
Külpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensations or feelings. Külpe's view is known as ____.   show
🗑
Because some time elapsed between the experience and the reporting of it, critics charged that introspection was really a form of ____.   show
🗑
show apperception  
🗑
show a statistical analysis of the concept of eminent men producing eminent offspring  
🗑
show Quetelet  
🗑
show acuteness of the senses  
🗑
For Titchener, distinct sensations combined with others to form ____.   show
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show phenomenological; introspective  
🗑
Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is ____.   show
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According to the textbook, a significant contribution of structuralism was ____.   show
🗑
show apperception  
🗑
In his treatment of women, Titchener ____.   show
🗑
Who scolded Titchener for still practicing "a very old fashioned standpoint" in excluding women from psychology meetings?   show
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By the 1920s the term used by Titchener for his system of psychology was ____.   show
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____ was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. degree in psychology.   show
🗑
Ordinary words such as "table" were not to be used by Titchener's introspectionists. Therefore, it became a goal to ____.   show
🗑
show were too pure to smoke.  
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show translated Wundt's books from German into English  
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show these areas did not focus on discovering the structures of mind  
🗑
show if we focus on them to determine clearness, the feeling or emotion disappears.  
🗑
show use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers  
🗑
Titchener's research identified three elements of consciousness: sensations, affective states, and ____.   show
🗑
show one; pleasure/displeasure  
🗑
In addition to introspection, another criticism of Titchener's system was its ____.   show
🗑
show kind and helpful  
🗑
show be passive recorders of the experiences registering on the conscious mind  
🗑
show Functional psychology claimed that Wundt's and Titchener's approaches were too restrictive because they did not study the practical value of mental processes.  
🗑
show the questionnaire  
🗑
show Lyell  
🗑
The work of Romanes was especially flawed because of his ____.   show
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show the inheritance of animal responses that may not be adaptive for humans  
🗑
Galton found that a substantial proportion of word associations were evidence of ____.   show
🗑
Today, our acceptance that the study of individual differences is appropriate subject matter for psychology is due to whose work?   show
🗑
____ is the preeminent book of Darwin's theory of evolution, which details the evolution of humans from lower forms of life.   show
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show the development of applied psychology  
🗑
show Morgan  
🗑
Galton proposed that measurement of human traits could be defined and summarized by two numbers, which are ____.   show
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show the idea of natural equality  
🗑
One of the early sources of modern child psychology was an article in 1877 by ____.   show
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Galton argued that what proportion of eminence could be reliably attributed to environmental influences?   show
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Darwin's ideas of evolution were not new. What was new about Darwin's work was his ____.   show
🗑
show the legitimization of nonexperimental descriptive methods  
🗑
show psychosomatic-neurotic in origin  
🗑
show Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace  
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The most fundamental point of Darwin's theses was the ____.   show
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The notion that there is a continuity of consciousness and cognitive processes between animals and humans was suggested and/or demonstrated by ____.   show
🗑
Who could be described as the driving force of England's scientific establishment?   show
🗑
Which of the following are influenced by Galton’s work?   show
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Today, scientists are sometimes portrayed as offering science as a new religion or as being enemies of religion. This stance could be traced to ____.   show
🗑
____ was an early evolutionary theorist who argued that acquired characteristics could be inherited.   show
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show imaging that every person or thing he saw was spying on him  
🗑
Who was the first to show that human mental characteristics followed a normal distribution?   show
🗑
Who was the first to show that biological and social data were normally distributed?   show
🗑
What had the greatest impact upon Galton's view on the measurement of intelligence?   show
🗑
The influence of Darwin's work can be seen most directly in ____.   show
🗑
The first systematic study of animal intelligence was by ____.   show
🗑
Who first highlighted the importance of central tendency?   show
🗑
The ____ ask, "What's the mind made of?" whereas the ____ demand, "What does it do?"   show
🗑
Galton's measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and ____.   show
🗑
show did not have empirical data to support it  
🗑
show Erasmus Darwin  
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The hallmark of Woodworth's psychology was his ____.   show
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show consciousness  
🗑
show Behavior cannot be properly understood or analyzed into simple stimulus-response units. Behavior must be understood in terms of its result and the adaptive significance of the behavior to the organism.  
🗑
show Spencer  
🗑
Who was the founder and first president of the American Psychological Association?   show
🗑
show Hall  
🗑
Who pioneered an innovative method of information processing?   show
🗑
show Physiological arousal precedes the experience of an emotion.  
🗑
The "myth of male intellectual superiority" is derived from which of Darwin’s ideas?   show
🗑
show structuralists  
🗑
show Hall  
🗑
James described the manuscript of his book, The Principles of Psychology, as testimony to the fact that ____.   show
🗑
show psychologists' fallacy  
🗑
In his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, Angell presented the goals of functional psychology. Which of the following statements represents the main concern of functionalism according to Angell?   show
🗑
show Carr  
🗑
____ was one major area that G.S. Hall was interested in, as evidenced by his research in his doctoral dissertation.   show
🗑
show consciousness  
🗑
The basic tenet of ____ is that the validity of an idea or conception must be tested by its practical consequences   show
🗑
Which of the following statements is NOT part of social Darwinism?   show
🗑
show attribution of sex differences to social and environmental factors  
🗑
Scott's hypothesis that consumers will do what they are told is called the ____.   show
🗑
show eugenics  
🗑
show were not pragmatic  
🗑
show mental age; IQ score  
🗑
In 1900, the American public's response to the new science of psychology was ____.   show
🗑
show public education has revolved around the IQ construct ever since  
🗑
show Goodenough  
🗑
show Scott  
🗑
The two most profound influences on the growth of clinical psychology as a specialty were ____.   show
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The first effective tests of higher mental processes were developed by ____.   show
🗑
According to the intelligence testing of U.S. army recruits, which group scored higher on average?   show
🗑
show Witmer  
🗑
The assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior in children was established in American psychology by ____.   show
🗑
show Scott  
🗑
Münsterberg was best known ____.   show
🗑
Which of the following methods did Cattell develop?   show
🗑
Scott argued that the most effective advertisement consisted of ____.   show
🗑
The results of testing by the Yerkes research group ____.   show
🗑
show Terman  
🗑
Behavioral and cognitive disorders would be attributed most heavily to ____ by Witmer.   show
🗑
show school psychology  
🗑
With regard to racial differences in IQs, the work of African American ____ demonstrated the strong effects of environment.   show
🗑
Binet based his conclusion about appropriate measure of intelligence based on research conducted with ____.   show
🗑
show education  
🗑
The first techniques of psychological therapy to be used in America were developed by ____.   show
🗑
Binet and Simon's test differed from those of Galton and Cattell in its ____.   show
🗑
show Goddard  
🗑
show were constructed as he needed them  
🗑
show himself  
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