5.2 Nomenclature - Naming organic Compounds
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| Empirical Formula: | The simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.
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| Displayed Formula: | A display of a molecule showing every atom and bond.
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| Structural formula: | A written out, simplified version of the displayed formula.
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| Functional Group: | An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that are responsible for it characteristic reactions.
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| Homologous Series: | A set of Organic Molecules with the SAME FUNCTIONAL GROUP. The compounds differ in the length of their hydrocarbon chains.
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| Alkanes: | Simple Hydrocarbon Chains, Suffix: 'ane' (Methane)
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| Alkenes: | Contain carbon-carbon double bonds, suffix: '-ene' (Ethene)
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| Haloalkanes: | Contain a Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I...), PREFIX: 'Halo-', specific to each type: Chloromethane etc.
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| Alcohols: | Contain (-O-H), Suffix: '-ol'. E.g Methanol.
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| Aldehydes: | Contain R-C(-H)=0, Suffix: '-al', e.g Methanal.
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| Keytones: | Contain R-C(-O)-R, suffix: '-one' e.g Methanone.
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| Carboxylic Acids: | Contain Carboxyl Group (R-C(=O)-O-H), Suffix: '-oic acid' e.g Methanoic Acid.
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| Structural Isomers: | Have the same MOLECULAR FORMULA but different STRUCTURAL FORMULA, I.E, they have the same atoms but they are arranged different in a molecule.
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| Functional Group Isomers: | Molecules that have the same Molecular Formula but the functional group is different.
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| Chain Isomers: | Have the same molecular formula but the chains of Hydrocarbons are different, e.g Different Branching. Butane or 2-Methylpropane.
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| Positional Isomers: | These have the same molecular formula but the position of a functional group is different. (1-Chloropropane or 2-Chloropropane).
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