Information from Module 3: Kingdom Protista
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| Pseudopod | "False Feet" a temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food
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| Nucleus | Region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA
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| Vacuole | Membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell
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| Ectoplasm | Thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells
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| Endoplasm | Dense cytoplasm near the interior of some cells
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| Pellicle | Firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane
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| Flagellates | Protozoan that propel themselves with a flagellum
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| Chloroplast | Organelle containing chlorophyl for photosynthesis
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| Chlorophyll | Pigment necessary for photosynthesis
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| Eyespot | Light-sensitive region in certain protozoa
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| Symbiosis | Close relationship between 2+ species where at least one benefits
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| Mutualism | Relationship between 2+ organisms of different species where all benefit
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| Commensalism | Relationship between 2 organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neutral
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| Parasitism | Relationship between 2 organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
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| Cilia | Hairlike projections extending from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
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| Macronucleus | controls metabolism
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| Micronucleus | controls reproduction
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| Plankton | tiny organisms that float on water
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| Zooplankton | tiny floating organisms that are eigher small animals or protozoa
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| Phytoplankton |
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| Thallus | Body of a plant-like organism not divided into leaves, roots, or stems
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| Algal Bloom | When algae take over their habitat and water appears the same color as algae
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| Carotenoids | Yellowish pigment
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| Cellulose | Substance (of sugar) common in cellwalls of main organisms
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| Filaments | Colonies of chainlike threads
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| Diatomaceous earth | Cell wall remains of dead diatoms clumped together
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| Holdfasts | Special structure used by an organism to anchor itself
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| Sessile colony | Colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object
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| Red Tide | dinoflagellate bloom in Nutrient-rich water
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| Describe Phylum Sarcodina | No standard body shape, uses pseudopods to engulf prey, forms cysts to survive life-threatening conditions, Entaemoeba hystolytica causes dysentery
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| Describe Genus Euglena | Phylum Mastigophora, Flagellates, many habitats, autotrophic+saprophytic, pellicle, photosynthetic (Chloroplast and Clorophyll), eyespot, reproduce asexually
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| Describe Genus Volvox | Phylum Mastigophora, photosynthetic, colonial, 2 flagella, sexual reproduction
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| Describe Genus Trypanosoma | Phylum Mastigophora, carried by tsetse fly and infect humans with African sleeping sicknes, or help termites digest cellulose
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| Describe Genus Paramecium | Phylum Ciliophora, macronucleus, micronucleus, oral groove, gullet (becomes food vacuole), oral pore, anal pore, asexual reproduction as well as special congugation
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| Describe Genus Stentor | Phylum Ciliophora, trumpet-shaped, creat micro-current to sweep food into gullet
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| Most Ciliates are... | ...not pathogenic, except for Balantidium Coli, which causes dysentery and is animal parasite
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| Describe Phylum Sporoza | All 30,000 species are parasitic, form spores
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| Describe Genus Plasmodium | Causes malaria through mosquitoes, alternation of generations
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| Alternation of Generation | sometimes engage in reproduction that forms sporesad sometimes in reproduction that does not (Plasmodium)
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| Describe Phylum Chlorophyta | "Green Algae", cell walls of celllulose
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| Describe Genus Chlorella | Phylum Chlorophyta, individuals, photosynthesis, have mutalistic symbiosis
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| Describe Genus Desmid | Phylum Chlorophyta, simple colonies/individual, usually mirror images
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| Describe Genus Spirogyra | Phylum Chlorophyta, spiral chloroplasts, colonies of filaments
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| Describe Phylum Chrysophyta | Greatest producers of oxygen, called diatoms, cell walls of silicon dioxide, convert food into oil,
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| Describe Genus Dynobyron | Phylum Chrysophyta, alge that form colonies with holdfasts (sessile colony)
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| Describe Phylum Pyrrophyta | Dinoflagellates (two flagella), marine waters, walls of cellulose, Gymnodinium brevis cause red tides
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| Describe Phylum Phaeophyta | Multicellular (exception to Protista), "brown algae", alginic acid or algin
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| Describe Genus Macrosystis | Phylum Phaeophyta, kelp
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| Describe Genus Fucus | Phylum Phaeophyta, rockweed, air bladders
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| Describe Phylum Rhodophyta | Red algae, multicellular, Genus Corallina and Hildenbrandia
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| Things about ALL Protista | Composed of eukaryotic cells and designed by God
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| Characteristics of Protozoa | Individuals, heterotrophic, have locomotion
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| Characteristics of Algae | Colonies, autotrophic, just float (no locomotion)
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| Examples of Phylum Mastigophora | Genus Euglena, Volvox
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| Examples of Phylum Ciliophora | Genus Paramecium, Stentor
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