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MD 3 Protista
Information from Module 3: Kingdom Protista
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pseudopod | "False Feet" a temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food |
| Nucleus | Region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell |
| Ectoplasm | Thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells |
| Endoplasm | Dense cytoplasm near the interior of some cells |
| Pellicle | Firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane |
| Flagellates | Protozoan that propel themselves with a flagellum |
| Chloroplast | Organelle containing chlorophyl for photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | Pigment necessary for photosynthesis |
| Eyespot | Light-sensitive region in certain protozoa |
| Symbiosis | Close relationship between 2+ species where at least one benefits |
| Mutualism | Relationship between 2+ organisms of different species where all benefit |
| Commensalism | Relationship between 2 organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neutral |
| Parasitism | Relationship between 2 organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections extending from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |
| Macronucleus | controls metabolism |
| Micronucleus | controls reproduction |
| Plankton | tiny organisms that float on water |
| Zooplankton | tiny floating organisms that are eigher small animals or protozoa |
| Phytoplankton | |
| Thallus | Body of a plant-like organism not divided into leaves, roots, or stems |
| Algal Bloom | When algae take over their habitat and water appears the same color as algae |
| Carotenoids | Yellowish pigment |
| Cellulose | Substance (of sugar) common in cellwalls of main organisms |
| Filaments | Colonies of chainlike threads |
| Diatomaceous earth | Cell wall remains of dead diatoms clumped together |
| Holdfasts | Special structure used by an organism to anchor itself |
| Sessile colony | Colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object |
| Red Tide | dinoflagellate bloom in Nutrient-rich water |
| Describe Phylum Sarcodina | No standard body shape, uses pseudopods to engulf prey, forms cysts to survive life-threatening conditions, Entaemoeba hystolytica causes dysentery |
| Describe Genus Euglena | Phylum Mastigophora, Flagellates, many habitats, autotrophic+saprophytic, pellicle, photosynthetic (Chloroplast and Clorophyll), eyespot, reproduce asexually |
| Describe Genus Volvox | Phylum Mastigophora, photosynthetic, colonial, 2 flagella, sexual reproduction |
| Describe Genus Trypanosoma | Phylum Mastigophora, carried by tsetse fly and infect humans with African sleeping sicknes, or help termites digest cellulose |
| Describe Genus Paramecium | Phylum Ciliophora, macronucleus, micronucleus, oral groove, gullet (becomes food vacuole), oral pore, anal pore, asexual reproduction as well as special congugation |
| Describe Genus Stentor | Phylum Ciliophora, trumpet-shaped, creat micro-current to sweep food into gullet |
| Most Ciliates are... | ...not pathogenic, except for Balantidium Coli, which causes dysentery and is animal parasite |
| Describe Phylum Sporoza | All 30,000 species are parasitic, form spores |
| Describe Genus Plasmodium | Causes malaria through mosquitoes, alternation of generations |
| Alternation of Generation | sometimes engage in reproduction that forms sporesad sometimes in reproduction that does not (Plasmodium) |
| Describe Phylum Chlorophyta | "Green Algae", cell walls of celllulose |
| Describe Genus Chlorella | Phylum Chlorophyta, individuals, photosynthesis, have mutalistic symbiosis |
| Describe Genus Desmid | Phylum Chlorophyta, simple colonies/individual, usually mirror images |
| Describe Genus Spirogyra | Phylum Chlorophyta, spiral chloroplasts, colonies of filaments |
| Describe Phylum Chrysophyta | Greatest producers of oxygen, called diatoms, cell walls of silicon dioxide, convert food into oil, |
| Describe Genus Dynobyron | Phylum Chrysophyta, alge that form colonies with holdfasts (sessile colony) |
| Describe Phylum Pyrrophyta | Dinoflagellates (two flagella), marine waters, walls of cellulose, Gymnodinium brevis cause red tides |
| Describe Phylum Phaeophyta | Multicellular (exception to Protista), "brown algae", alginic acid or algin |
| Describe Genus Macrosystis | Phylum Phaeophyta, kelp |
| Describe Genus Fucus | Phylum Phaeophyta, rockweed, air bladders |
| Describe Phylum Rhodophyta | Red algae, multicellular, Genus Corallina and Hildenbrandia |
| Things about ALL Protista | Composed of eukaryotic cells and designed by God |
| Characteristics of Protozoa | Individuals, heterotrophic, have locomotion |
| Characteristics of Algae | Colonies, autotrophic, just float (no locomotion) |
| Examples of Phylum Mastigophora | Genus Euglena, Volvox |
| Examples of Phylum Ciliophora | Genus Paramecium, Stentor |
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Safire25509
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