Accel. 8th grade Chapters 13-15 Test Study Guide
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| What is the joining of atoms to form new substances? | Chemical Bonding
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| What is so important about chemical bonding? | The properties of the new elements are different from properties of the original elements.
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| What is an interaction that hold two atoms together? | Chemical Bond (When these form, electrons are shared, lost or gained)
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| What is a filled valence shell in MOST cases? | 8 electrons
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| What are electrons in the outermost level of an atom? | Valence electrons
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| True or False? Noble Gases don't usually form chemical bonds. | True
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| What are the three types of bonds? | Ionic, covalent, metallic
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| What is a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? | Ionic Bond (Remember: Ionic bonds are mostly between metals and nonmetals)
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| What are charged particles that form when an atom gains or loses electrons? | Ions
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| True or false? Electrons that are closer to the nucleus have more energy. | False; Electrons that are FARTHER from the nucleus have more energy.
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| What group gives off most energy as it gains electrons? | Halogens
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| What is the regular pattern into which a crystal is arranged? | Crystal Lattice
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| When does crystal lattice happen? | When ions bond
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| What are properties of ionic compounds? | Brittleness, High boiling and melting points
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| What is a bond formed when atoms share one or more parts of electrons? | Covalent bond
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| What are properties of covalent bonds? | Brittleness, low melting and boiling points
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| What is a group of atoms held together by chemical forces and is made up by covalent bonds? | Molecule
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| True or False? A molecule is neutral. | True
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| What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds? | Ionic bonds take and give away electrons; covalent shares electrons
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| What are diatomic elements? | Molecules made of 2 atoms
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| What is a bond formed by attraction between positively charged metal ions and electrons around them? | Metallic Bond
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| What do metallic bonds do when they bond? | They overlap outermost energy levels.
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| What properties do metallic bonds give metals? | electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility
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| What is a process by which one or more substances undergo change to produce one or more different substances? | Chemical Reaction (Totally new properties)
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| What four things help you know a chemical reaction is occurring? | gas formation, solid formation, color change, energy change (endo- or exo-thermic)
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| What is a solid formed in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction? | Precipitate
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| What is a shorthand method of identifying an element? | Chemical Symbol
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| What is a shorthand notation for a compound or diatomic element that uses chemicals? | Chemical Formula
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| What are the rules for writing chemical equations? | 1. Accuracy
2. Substances are written correctly
2a. Using proper chemical symbol, and looking for diatomic elements
2b. Determine covalent or ionic
3. Equation must be balanced
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| What are the four types of chemical reactions? | Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement
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| What happens in a synthesis reaction? | 2 or more substances combine to form a single compound
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| What happens in a decomposition reaction? | A single compound breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances
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| What happens in a single displacement reaction? | An element takes the place of another element that is part of a compound
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| What happens in a double displacement reaction? | Ions in 2 compounds switch places
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| What are some important things to know about acids? | They increase the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, the solution tastes sour, can change the color of compounds
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| Acid Properties? | Sour taste, corrosive, many poisonous, react with some metals to make hydrogen gas, adding acid to baking soda can make CO2 electric current
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| What are some types of acids? | Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, carbonic acid
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| What are some important things to know about bases? | They are any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, have and electric current, bitter, color is a change indicator
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| True or false? Acids and bases neutralize each other. | True
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| True or false? You pour acids into bases. | True
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