Computers and Specimen Handling and Processing
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| A mnemonic is a | memory aid
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| A barcode is a | series of bars and spaces representing numbers or letters
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| A pneumatic tube is a | pressurized air transportation system
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| This is permaent computer memory that instructs the computer to carry out user-requested operations | ROM - Read-only memory
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| What is output | processed information generated by the computer
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| Which one of the following methods should never be used to prevent exposure to aerosols generated when the stopper is removed from a specimen tube | withdrawing the specimen through the stopper by syringe
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| Which one of the following describes proper aliquot preparation | immediately covering aliquot tubes after transferring the specimen
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| This organization develops standards for specimen handling and processing | CLSI - Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute
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| Interface means | interacting through the connection of computers
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| ESR determinations on specimens held at room temperature must be made withing | 4 hours
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| Which of the following is the best way to prepare routine blood specimen tubes for transportation to the lab | seal the tubes in plastic bags
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| Which of the following specimens are least likely to require special handling | cholesterol and uric acid
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| This is an example fo preanalytical error made at the time of collection | failing to mix tubes
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| Transferring specimens into aliquot tubes has inherent risks. Which of the following involves the least risk | aliquot tubes that are prelabeled
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| This is a source of preanalytical error that occurs before specimen collection | dehydrated patient
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| HIPAA was enacted to | provide guidelines for sharing of PHI
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| Special hand held computer systems used in laboratory medicine are capable of | displaying what tubes to collect
gererating labels for specimens
reading barcodes on ID bracelets
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| Critical values (test values that are considered life threatening) are also called | panic values
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| Which of the following would be a preanalytical error related to specimen storage | exposure to light
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| Which of the following would be a preanalytical error related to specimen transport | agitation-induced hemolysis
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| A USB drive is a | secondary storage device
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| Cellular metabolism in specimens that have not been separated from the cells will affect which the following analytes | Calcitonin
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| Glycolysis by the cells in blood specimens can falsely lower glucose values at a rate of up to | 200 mg/L per hour
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| Which of the following samples are time sensitive | calcium collected in sodium heparin tubes
ESR determinations collected in EDTA tubes
PTTs that are stored at refrigerated temperature
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| Which of the following temperatures is acceptable for a specimen that requires transportation and handling at room temperature | 25 C
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| Some blood specimens require cooling to | slow metabolic processes
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| Which one of the flollowing activities is least likely to take place in central processing or triage | analysis and reporting
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| It is unlikely that removing the stopper from a specimen will cause | loss of iCa2+
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| If a specimen has inadequate identification, the specimen processor may | ask the phlebotomist to get a new sample
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| Use of one of the newest technologies, RDID, is emerging in healthcare. RFID is a | method of specimen identification
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| An example of a preanalytical error happening during specimen processing is | indaequate centrifugation
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| To be considered computer literate, an individual must be able to | understand the computer and the functions it performs
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| This is a term for a group of computers liked together for the purpose of sharing information | network
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| Data can be entered oninput into a computer from | scanners
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| Computer memeory bytes are | individual data characters
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| Which of the following is a function of a computer monitor | provides visible display of all the information being processed
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| Random access memory (RAM) | can be lost when the computer program is closed
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| Which one of the following should be excluded from a list of computer peripherals | programs
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| Systems software includes | coded instructions that control processing of data
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| The latoratory has a computerized laboratory information system (LIS). Once an inpatient specimen has been collected by a phelbotomist and returned to the laboratory, what occurs next | specimen collection is verified
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| A computer terminal is a | keyboard and computer screen workstation
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| Which of the following is characteristic of an intranet | connects computer networks within a company
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| Which of the following would be described as logging on | entring a password to access the LIS
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| To process input data, a computer user must | press the enter key
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| Computer verification of test orders is best described as a process that allows a user to | modify, delete, or accept test orders after review of data
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| The "order inquiry" function allows the user to | retrieve all test orders on a patient
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| Which of the following is confidential and unique to a single computer user | password
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| Typical functions an LIS can perform include | entering lab test results
ordering laboratory tests
printing specimen labels
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| What does the laboratory use to idenify a specimen throughout the testing process | accession number
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| Using the information from the computer requisition form (using military time) identify the number that points to the time the specimen is to be colledted | 9 - 1252
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| Using the information from the computer requiaition identify the number that points to the color of tube required | 10 - lavendar
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| Using the information from the computer requisition identify the number that points to the specimen accession number | 3 - ACCN#
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| When using computer generated specimen labels what information must typically be added to the label after a specimen is collected | phlebotomist's initials
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| A bidirectional computer interface allows | data to upload or download between two systems
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| A computer networking system created to share resources within a facility or organization is also called a | LAN
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| In computer language, "hard copy" is | processed data printed on paper
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| The current trend in laboratory testing includes | POCT expansion capabilities
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| In specimen handling it is very important to appreciate that | effects of mishandling the specimen are not always obvious
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| Proper specimen handling begins | when the physician orders the test
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| You are the only phlebotomist in an outpatient drawing station. A physician orders a test with which you are not familiar. What is the appropriate action to take | refer to the user manual for instructions
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| The numner of tube inversions required during secimen collection depends on | manufacturer recommended inversions
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| Inadequate mixing of an anticoagulant tube can lead to | Microclots in the specimen
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| Which tube does not require mixing | plain red top
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| Transporting blood specimens with the stopper up has nothing to to with | maintaining the sterility of the sample
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| Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and Occdupational Satety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines do not require specimen transport bags to have | shock-resistance features
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| Which one of the following agencies has nothing to do with setting guidelines for specimens transported by courier and other air or ground mail systems | FDA
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| It is unnecessary to protect this specimen from light | ammonia
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| Rough handling during transport is bad for specimens, but it will not | elevate WBC counts
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| Which specimen needs to be transported on ice | ammonia
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| The best way to chill a specimen is to | immerse it in a slurry of ice and water
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| Chilling can cause erroneous results for this analyte | potassium
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| How should a cryofibrinogen specimen be transported | in a 37C heat block
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| The most probable reason a phlebotomist would wrap a specimen in aluminum foli would be to | protect it from room light
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| A specimen must be transported at or near normal body temperature. Which of the following temperatures meets this requirement | 37 C
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| According to CLSI, the maximum time limit for separating serum or plasma from cells is | 2.0 hours from the time of collection
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| A spearator gel prevents glycolysis | after the specimen has been centrifuged
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| Which of the following specimens is unlikely to be rejected for analysis. A specimen for | total bilirubin that is icteric
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| A glucose specimen collected in a sodium fluoride tube is generally stable at room temperature for | 24 hours
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| Which specimen has priority over all other specimens during processing and testing | STAT
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| Which of the following specimens does not need to tbe contrifuged | CBC in a lavender tube
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| Which of the following is not a valid reason for why blood slides made from EDTA specimens must be prepared within 1 hour of specimen collections, to | ensure they are made before clots appear
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| Precessing specimens requires various types of PPE, but this type is unnecessary | covers for footwear
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| This specimen would most likely be accepted for testing despite this problem | not initialed by collector
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| Which of the following actions will compromise the quality of the specimen | only partially filling a liquid EDTA tube
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| Results for this test should be normal despite a delay in processing longer than 2 hours | pregnancy test
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| An aliquot is a | portion of a specimen being tested
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| Which specimen will be automatically rejected if the tube is not filled until the normal vacuum is exhausted | prothrombin time
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| Which of the following test is unaffected by hemolysis | hemoglobin
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| Tests performed on plasma samples are | drawn in anticoagulant tubes
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| Chemistry test are often collected in heparin tubes to | reduce the turnaround time
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| It is importrant to note the type of heparin in a collection tube because | some types of heparin can affect results of certain tests
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| To avoid airborne infection while prcessing specimens | cover tube stoppers with gauze to remove them
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| When a non-additive specimen is spun in a certrifuge the substance that comes to the top | serum
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| If a serum specimen is not completely clotted before it is centrifuged the | serum may have a fibrin clot in it
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| Which of the following collection circumstances is least likely to result in delayed clotting of a serumm specimen | collection was difficult, hemolyzing red cells
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| Which of the following tests would be most affected if contaminated with a drop of perspiration | lytes
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| Stoppers should be left on tubes awaiting conetrifugation to prevent | contamination
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| Minimum precentrifugation time for specimens drawn in serum separator tuebs is | 30 minutes
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| Repeated centrifugation of a specimen can | alter the test results
deteriorate analytes
result in hemolysis
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| Which statement describes proper centrifuge operation | balance specimens by placing tubes of equal volume and size opposite one another
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| Aerosol | fine mist of the specimen
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| Aliquot | portion of a specimen used for testing
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| Central processing | screening and prioritizing area where specimens are recived and prepared for testing
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| CPU | central processing unit
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| Centrifuge | a machine that spins that blood tubes at high number of revolutions per minute
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| Data | information collected for analysis or computation
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| DOT | department of transportation
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| FAA | Federal aviation administration
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| HPC | handheld pc
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| icons | images used to request the appropriate programs or functions on a computer
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| ID code | unique identification for users
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| Input | to enter data into a computer
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| LAN | local area network
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| LIS | laboratory information system
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| PDA | personal digital assistant
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| Preanalytical | prior to analysis
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| QNS | quanlity not suficient
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| RAM | random access memory
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| RFID | radio frequency identification
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| ROM | read only memory
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| Software | programming or coded instruction required to control the hardware used in processing data
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| Storage | the preservation of data outside the CPU
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| Terminal | computer screen and keyboard
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| USB drive | universal serial bus; a device used for storing information
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| Menu | a list of options from which the user may choose
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| Network | a group of computers that are all linked for the purpose of sharing resources
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| output | return of processed information or data to the user or to someone in another location
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| Password | a secret code that uniquely identifies a person and allows him or her to become a system user
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| O&P | Ova and parasites; a test to detect the presence of intestinal parasites and their eggs in feces
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| Middleware | third part vendor software
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| Peripherals | additional devices, such as modem or printer, that work in conjuntion with the computer
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| Verify | to confirm or check for correctness of input
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| Body temperature | 36.4C - 37.6C - (37.6C average)
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| Room temperature | 15C - 30C
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| Refrigerated temperature | 2C - 10C
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| Frozen temperature | -20C or lower (some speciemns requre -70C or lower)
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| Lytes | abbreviation of electrolytes
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